Hematospermia is supposed to be derived from pathological conditions in the seminal vesicle, prostate, testis, epididymis, or urethra. A recent advance in diagnostic procedures has demonstrated the seminal vesicle, the prostate, and midline cyst as potential sources of hematospermia. The authors describe a case of hematospermia caused by ejaculatory duct obstruction, in which a transurethral technique was successful. A 51-year-old male was referred to the authors' clinic with a chief complaint of hematospermia. Transurethral ultrasonography showed a cystic lesion surrounded with hyperechoic area in the middle of the prostate. Vasography demonstrated the distal dilation of the ejaculatory duct. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a high signal intensity area in the middle of the prostate. Urethrocystoscopy showed an enlarged cystic lesion with an orifice at the prostatic urethra, which was incised endoscopically. There was no complication observed postoperatively. Seven months after the technique, hematospermia resolved completely. A midline cyst should be considered a cause of hematospermia and the incidence of such cysts may be higher than that previously recognized. The transurethral technique is expected to be a successful treatment approach.
It is very important to remove contaminant fully from waste PET bottles for bottle-to-bottle recycling. In this paper the mechanism to remove contaminant is proposed on the experimental degradation of waste PET bottles to the monomers by ethylene glycol. It is made up of the separation of contaminant during the degradation reaction. This model is confirmed to be correct on the recycling of deliberately contaminated PET samples using a series of surrogates based on FDA protocol. We conclude that the contaminant on waste PET bottles is fully separated from PET bottles under the proper separating condition, such as the quantity of extract, separating temperature and time.
The new concept of CO2 separation of prior to combustion was proposed, that CO2 is separated from the H2-CO2 mixed gas produced by steam-reforming of hydrocarbon fuel by means of Gas Hydrate Separation (GHS) system. In order to demonstrate the reality of the GHS system, we conducted experiments of CO2 and CO2-He mixed gas hydrate formation. GH reaction is confirmed but not succeeded in continuous operation of gas formation system, so far.
In this paper, we suggest the advanced method of methane hydrate formation by cyclodextrin solutions. The structures of the methane hydrate were experimentally investigated by Raman spectroscopy. The induction time of the methane hydrate formation becomes by shorter 10–30 times and formation rate become by faster 2–4 times originated in the increased methane concentration of hydrate formation water by adding cyclodextrins. The results by the Raman spectroscopy indicate that the structure I methane hydrate is produced and methane molecules exist in both Large and Small cages.
For saving space at an office or a clean room, it is needed to reduce the space of an air conditioner. It is effective to miniaturize a heat exchanger because it occupies the large space in the air conditioner. Three types of a heat exchanger that are an in-line tube and cut fins type, a staggered tube and cut fins type and a staggered tube and uncut fins type were investigated as four inclined angle tests of 0, 45, 60 and 80 degrees in a heat wind tunnel. The coefficients of flow friction and heat transfer rates were obtained from these experiments, and the characteristics of inclined heat exchanger were clarified by effects of tube arrangements, fin types and inclined angles against flow direction. As a numerical approach, two-dimensional steady models were applied on the staggered tube and the in-line tube by using BFC (Boundary-Fitted Coordinate Method); BFC is available to make grids for any install angle of the heat exchanger. The results of the numerical analysis visualized flow patterns and heat transfer in these heat exchangers. In case of 80-degrees angle, the flow makes dead area in a part of the heat exchanger, and it causes reducing performance of the heat exchanger. These results are available for improve a compact high performance heat exchanger.
This paper discusses on CO_2 gas separation from mixed gases such as CO_2 and hydrogen by hydrate formation. CO_2 can form hydrate. On the other hand, hydrogen can't form hydrate. Therefore, by using the hydrate formation technology, CO_2 could be separated from mixed gases as CO_2 hydrate. In this study, we measured the amount of CO_2 used to form CO_2 gas hydrate.
This study is aimed at efficient use of biomass resources. For the efficient use, making solid fuel by pyrolyzing and generating liquid and gases fuel by pyrolyzing and gasification were focused on. However, there is not enough information for understanding pyrolysis and gasification reaction of biomass resources, especially other than wood. So in addition to wood, dead leaves, coffee grounds and paper were used for samples; The gases that generated at pyrolyzing and gasification were analyzed, and evaluated for fuel. And so the pyrolysis and gasification reaction were understood based on this result.
The potential of a clathrate-hydrate is, in this paper, discussed from the points of energy storage and environment issues. The hydrates of methane, carbon dioxide and xenon gases were produced in a high pressure vessel with controlled temperature and pressure. The mixing of fine solid particles into water is effective on the production pressure of the hydrates. However, the formation rate of the hydrate is not increased by the mixing. Cooling system used the clathrate-hydrate is discussed.
