Introduction. Macromycetes include mercury compounds in their metabolism processes. The method for assessing the contamination of the soil layer (topsoil) by mercury by estimating the mercury content in the mushrooms is accessible and sufficiently informative. Mercury is a persistent inorganic ecotoxicant, it enters the human body from the environment. This process requires constant monitoring of the content of this hazardous metal in the environment and the in biomaterials of the human organism. Material and methods. The object of the study was selected bracket macromycetes growing on open soil areas: lawns, boulevards, parks, squares, etc. There were studied representatives from the fungal families as follows: Agaricacea, Boletaceae, Russu-laceae, Coprinaceae. Mushrooms were collected in the stage of sporulation, in the spring-summer-autumn period from 2002 to 2017. The determination of mercury in fungi was performed by atomic absorption method on specialized mercury analyzers of the “Julia” series (detection limit of 1 ng/g, the error of the method is not more than 15%). Mercury content in hair was determined in 1153 St. Petersburg residents aged from 0 to 80 years using atomic emission and mass spectrometry methods with inductively coupled argon plasma on devices Elan 9000 (Perkin Elmer, USA) and Optima 2000 V (Perkin Elmer, USA). Results. The results of the analysis of mushrooms collected in 2017 on one of the green streets of the industrial district of Saint-Petersburg demonstrate a high degree of mercury contamination of the megapolis. Mushrooms (Cinereus comatus) were collected at three locations of Alameda, separated by approximately 100 m, and were analyzed for the content of mercury in them. The following values of mercury in mushrooms were got is a 0.61 mg/kg, 0.83 mg/kg and 0.35 mg/kg. The hair of 1153 inhabitants of St.-Petersburg has been analyzed for mercury content. The highest concentrations of mercury have been established to be set at working population aged 18-64 years. This fact can be explained by the professional activities associated with the contact with mercury and active way of life, particularly with greater frequency of the use in the diet of mushrooms and other products, being potential sources of mercury. Discussion. The performed studies show the mercury concentration to be not only generalized but also stable. The pollution of the territory of St. Petersburg is little different from the pollution of the territories of other cities, where the mercury content in mushrooms is also found to be high in comparison with the permissible level. Conclusion. The obtained data indicate a high stable contamination of the territory of St. Petersburg and its nearest suburbs with mercury. Mercury and its compounds in environmental objects (mushrooms) can present the real danger to the health of the population, therefore there is a need for non-invasive monitoring of the content of mercury in biomaterials of the human organism and environmental objects.
The paper represents general information of use of reference material (RM) of composition of toxic metal solutions and RM of composition of biological tissues which contain toxic metals (TM) when measuring the TM content in biological materials. The paper describes and analyses the approaches for preparing samples of reference materials which contain Pb, Hg, Cd, Be and TI, developed by the Institute of Toxicology Federal Bio-Medical Agency of Russia and Ural Research Institute for Metrology. When developing, approving and certification of the relevant measurement methods for TM content in biological materials it is necessary to include, as an essential condition, the requirement to use RM of composition of biological tissues which analyte is naturally built in the material matrix as a result of metabolic process. The analogical requirement should be produced when accrediting and licensing medical and biological laboratories and laboratories of chemical and analytical control.
The data on lead elimination from the body of rats with urine and feces for parenteral administration of the toxicant are presented. Three times introduction of lead acetate in daily doses (lead) of 15 mg/kg, 45 mg/kg, and 60 mg/kg was used. The lead content was determined by inversion voltammetry and atomic emission spectroscopy. It has been shown that lead elimination is dose-dependent and can be described by a 2 nd order polynomial. On the 20 th day of the experiment, 6% to 10% of the lead introduced into the body of rats has been eliminated depending on the lead dose. The relationship between the renal and intestinal routes of toxicant excretion depends on the dose of lead seed. The half-lives of lead turned out to be 61,9 days for a dose of 15 mg/kg, 69,5 days for a dose of 45 mg/kg, and 70,8 days for a dose of 60 mg/kg. The presented model can be used to assess the effect of therapeutic agents used in lead poisoning.
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