As a result of the rural population's discontent, one encounters a thousand different variations of the demand for reparations in the bush.These demands are made with indefatigable logicbut with bitterness.A spirit of antipathy and defiance is spreading everywhere.The native is detaching himself from our authority.More and more, he seeks refuge from our influence and prestige.The face of the Congo is changing.Belgium is on the way to losing its crowning achievement in Africa."
The geographical and temporal variations in cancer incidence and migrant studies, complemented by analytical epidemiological investigations on cultural and occupational cancers, led to the view that most human cancers have a significant environmental component (pp. xxi–xxiv). Such studies indicated the considerable possibilities of cancer prevention, either by removal or reduction of exogenous carcinogens, through modification of ‘lifestyle’ factors, especially tobacco and diet, or by active intervention using vaccines, drugs or other agents during the pre-neoplastic phase. Today, it is recognized that interaction between environmental and genetic factors may also be of great importance for specific subsets of the population (Chapter 18). None the less, while there is a general consensus on the probable causes of many human cancers, specific preventive measures cannot yet be recommended with any certainty for about 50% of cancers in males and 70% in females in industrial states (Higginson, 1988; Muir, 1990; Schmahl et al., 1989).
SUMMARY A comparison of oestrogen and neutral 17-oxosteroid excretion in normal Bantu and White subjects shows that the Bantu tends to have a higher total oestrogen excretion, a different oestrogen fractional pattern, and a lower total 17-oxosteroid excretion. In disease there are further differences in oestrogen pattern, the Bantu excreting more oestradiol-17β. 17-Oxosteroids are uniformly decreased and reach very low levels in primary carcinoma of the liver. White cirrhotic patients show an increase in the oestriol fraction. These differences in oestrogenandrogen metabolic balance may be of importance in view of the different disease patterns in the two racial groups.
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