Animals who received butter in an amount constituting 30 and 50% of the diet caloric value showed changes in the aortal walls and in intraorgan arteries of the heart and kidneys. These changes were largely marked by dystrophic impairment of vascular elasticity. They were more pronounced and occurred more frequently in rats who had received elevated amounts of butter. In these animals, changes in elastic fibers were aggravated by dystrophy of smooth muscle cells of the media whose cytoplasm demonstrated vacolization. No vascular changes were detected in animals who had been given sun flower or olive oil in an amount constituting 30 and 50% of the diet caloric value.
Purified diets for rats contained 24% fat, with presented with the mixture of sunflower and fish oils whose combination yielded ratios of omega 6 to omega 3 fatty acids equal to 99 0, 49 0, 5 2, 1.9 and 0.12. The alterations in fatty acid composition of blood plasma and the liver were noticed, which manifested in increased omega 3 fatty acid levels in proportion to their dietary content. The elevation of PUFA proportion in the diet increased TBA-reactive substances in the liver. Using radioimmunoassay the levels of PGF2 alpha, TxA2 and PGI2 were determined. The decrease of arachidonic acid as part of tissue lipids caused an inhibition of PGF2 alpha formation in the liver, TxA2 and PGI2 in blood plasma, that showed a possibility of influence the ratio omega 6/omega 3 PUFA in a diet on eicosanoid synthesis by substrate regulation. These results suggest that for characteristics of dietary fat the ratio omega 6/omega 3 PUFA as a criterion reflecting the biological action of two families of essential fatty acids should not be used.
Patients with ischemic heart disease attended by type II hyperlipidemia received diets containing sunflower oil (group I) or margarine "Zdorovie" (group II) as a source of poly-unsaturated fatty acids. Pronounced reduction of the blood cholesterol level was recorded in both groups of patients studied. Margarine "Zdorovie" is recommended for subjects intolerant to vegetable oils.
It has been shown in experiments on rats fed a low-protein diet (5% according to the caloric value) that sunflower oil introduced into the diet in a high amount (50% according to the caloric value) does not exert any protective effect on the wall of the blood vessels (aorta, coronary and intrarenal arteries). The animals develop moderately marked morphological alterations similar to those seen in feeding a low-protein diet with high butter content. These alterations can be described as follows: the elastic fibers of the intima and media lose the tinctorial properties and elasticity; they swell and branch in some places; the destruction sites demonstrate the clusters of neutral and acid mucopolysaccharides.
The results of experiments on rats given the ergosterol-containing diet for a long time indicate that ergosterol was incorporated in liver tissues in trace amounts which are not comparable with ergosterol concentrations exerting an effect in model experiments. Ergosterol was not detected in the liver after 3-day experiments. At the same time it was established that the proportion of unchanged ergosterol in rat feces was about 16% of the amount administered per os. The products of a possible ergosterol transformation (dehydroneoergosterol-24-methyl-1,3,5 (10), 6,8 (9), 22-hexaen-3 beta-ol; 24-methylcholesta-7,24 (28)-dien-3 beta-ol; 4-cholesta-7,22,25 (?)-trien-3 beta-ol; 4-methylcholesta-7,22 (?)-dien-3 beta-ol, and so forth were identified in feces.
In experiments on rabbits that had undergone partial constriction of the choledochus, the development of calculous hepatocholecystitis was observed in a half of the operated on animals. No biliary calculi were detected in the animals that received the ration enriched with food vegetable fibres, beta-sitosterol and linoleic polyunsaturated fatty acids after similar operations.
Soybean oil and its combinations with sunflower oil, as 1:1 and 1:3, were used in the rations intended for rats. As it is evidenced by the data on the content of tocopherol in the tissues, malonic dialdehide in the liver, diene conjugates in the liver and red blood cells, and red blood cell resistance, the fatty products used in the rations sufficiently provided the animals with antioxidants. The role of tocopherol isomers and phosphatides, as synergists of antioxidants in varying combinations of soybean and sunflower oils, formed for simultaneous intake of linoleic and linolenic acids with the ration, has been analyzed.
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