Chu Chen

Texas A&M University – Commerce

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Lambertus A. Kiemeney

Radboud University Nijmegen

Giorgio Gotti

The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley

Andrew Berchuck

Duke University

Rayjean J. Hung

Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute

Beth Y. Karlan

University of California, Los Angeles

S. Onur Sumer

Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

Phillip H. Lai

University of Southern California

Seth Force

Emory University

Dong Min Shin

Yonsei University College of Dentistry

Ronald Ghossein

Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

Cooperative Institutions

National Institutes of Health

142

The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center

132

Harvard University

109

National Cancer Institute

105

Baylor College of Medicine

Washington University in St. Louis

Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

Broad Institute

Dana-Farber Cancer Institute

Brigham and Women's Hospital

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Association between circulating inflammatory markers and adult cancer risk: a Mendelian randomization analysis

EBioMedicine (2024)

James Yarmolinsky Jamie Robinson Daniela Mariosa Ville Karhunen Jian Huang

Tumour-promoting inflammation is a "hallmark" of cancer and conventional epidemiological studies have reported links between various inflammatory markers and cancer risk. The causal nature of these relationships and, thus, the suitability of these markers as intervention targets for cancer prevention is unclear.

Mendelian Randomization

Cancer Prevention

10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.104991

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Citations (16)

Corporate Codes of Ethics, National Culture, and Earnings Discretion: International Evidence

Chu Chen Giorgio Gotti Tony Kang Michael C. Wolfe

This study examines the role of codes of ethics in reducing the extent to which managers act opportunistically in reporting earnings. Corporate codes of ethics, by clarifying the boundaries of ethical corporate behaviors and making relevant social norms more salient, have the potential to deter managers from engaging in opportunistic financial reporting practices. In a sample of international companies, we find that the quality of corporate codes of ethics is associated with higher earnings quality, i.e., lower discretionary accruals. Our results are confirmed for a subsample of firms more likely to be engaging in opportunistic reporting behavior, i.e., firms that just meet or beat analysts’ forecasts. Further, codes of ethics play a greater role in reducing earnings management for firms in countries with weaker investor protection mechanisms. Our results suggest that corporate codes of ethics can be a viable alternative to country-level investor protection mechanisms in curbing aggressive reporting behaviors.

Earnings Management

Earnings quality

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Combining genome-wide studies of breast, prostate, ovarian and endometrial cancers maps cross-cancer susceptibility loci and identifies new genetic associations

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (2020)

Siddhartha Kar Sara Lindström Rayjean J. Hung Kate Lawrenson Marjanka K. Schmidt

ABSTRACT We report a meta-analysis of breast, prostate, ovarian, and endometrial cancer genome-wide association data (effective sample size: 237,483 cases/317,006 controls). This identified 465 independent lead variants ( P <5×10 −8 ) across 192 genomic regions. Four lead variants were >1Mb from previously identified risk loci for the four cancers and an additional 23 lead variant-cancer associations were novel for one of the cancers. Bayesian models supported pleiotropic effects involving at least two cancers at 222/465 lead variants in 118/192 regions. Gene-level association analysis identified 13 shared susceptibility genes ( P <2.6×10 −6 ) in 13 regions not previously implicated in any of the four cancers and not uncovered by our variant-level meta-analysis. Several lead variants had opposite effects across cancers, including a cluster of such variants in the TP53 pathway. Fifty-four lead variants were associated with blood cell traits and suggested genetic overlaps with clonal hematopoiesis. Our study highlights the remarkable pervasiveness of pleiotropy across hormone-related cancers, further illuminating their shared genetic and mechanistic origins at variant- and gene-level resolution.

Genome-wide Association Study

Genetic Association

Pleiotropy

10.1101/2020.06.16.146803

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Citations (6)

The Cancer Genome Atlas Comprehensive Molecular Characterization of Renal Cell Carcinoma

Cell Reports (2018)

C. Ricketts Aguirre A. de Cubas Huihui Fan Christof C. Smith Martin Lang

BAP1

Kidney cancer

10.1016/j.celrep.2018.06.032

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Citations (106)

Cruciferous vegetable supplementation in a controlled diet study alters the serum peptidome in a GSTM1-genotype dependent manner

Nutrition Journal (2011)

Heather Ann Brauer Tanya Libby Breeana L. Mitchell Lin Li Chu Chen

Abstract Background Cruciferous vegetable intake is inversely associated with the risk of several cancers. Isothiocyanates (ITC) are hypothesized to be the major bioactive constituents contributing to these cancer-preventive effects. The polymorphic glutathione- S -transferase (GST) gene family encodes several enzymes which catalyze ITC degradation in vivo . Methods We utilized high throughput proteomics methods to examine how human serum peptides (the "peptidome") change in response to cruciferous vegetable feeding in individuals of different GSTM1 genotypes. In two randomized, crossover, controlled feeding studies (EAT and 2EAT) participants consumed a fruit- and vegetable-free basal diet and the basal diet supplemented with cruciferous vegetables. Serum samples collected at the end of the feeding period were fractionated and matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry spectra were obtained. Peak identification/alignment computer algorithms and mixed effects models were used to analyze the data. Results After analysis of spectra from EAT participants, 24 distinct peaks showed statistically significant differences associated with cruciferous vegetable intake. Twenty of these peaks were driven by their GSTM1 genotype (i.e., GSTM1+ or GSTM1- null). When data from EAT and 2EAT participants were compared by joint processing of spectra to align a common set, 6 peaks showed consistent changes in both studies in a genotype-dependent manner. The peaks at 6700 m/z and 9565 m/z were identified as an isoform of transthyretin (TTR) and a fragment of zinc α2-glycoprotein (ZAG), respectively. Conclusions Cruciferous vegetable intake in GSTM1+ individuals led to changes in circulating levels of several peptides/proteins, including TTR and a fragment of ZAG. TTR is a known marker of nutritional status and ZAG is an adipokine that plays a role in lipid mobilization. The results of this study present evidence that the GSTM1 -genotype modulates the physiological response to cruciferous vegetable intake.

Cruciferous vegetables

Sulforaphane

Clinical nutrition

Crossover study

10.1186/1475-2891-10-11

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Citations (32)

Reverse Mergers and Earnings Quality

Kathryn M. Schumann Chu Chen Giorgio Gotti

Earnings quality

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Citations (8)

Reverse Mergers and Earnings Quality

SSRN Electronic Journal (2012)

Chu Chen Giorgio Gotti Kathryn M. Schumann

We test whether geographical location, audit quality and equity offering play a role in the earnings quality of Reverse Merger (RM) firms. We provide evidence that, contrary to the popular focus by the business press, earnings management happens in both U.S. and international RM companies. We find that firm-characteristics are more indicative of the likelihood to manage earnings than geographical location. The presence of a Big 4 auditor is associated with higher earnings quality and survival rate almost twice as much than for RM audited by a non-Big 4 auditor. Moreover, we find that, though earnings management is common practice at all RM firms, it is especially pervasive for RM firms that are issuing new equity after the reverse merger. Results of tests on these firm-level factors indicate that the differences in earnings quality are both statistically and economically significant and are robust to several sensitivity tests, including the use of different calculations of abnormal accruals.

Earnings quality

10.2139/ssrn.2184299

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Citations (8)

Mitigative Effect of Exogenous Carbon Monoxide on Cell Death in Rice Suspension-Cultured Cells under Salt Stress

Chu Chen

In this study,the role of carbon monoxide(CO) on reducing cell death rate of rice suspensioncultured cells was investigated under salt stess.The cell death rate increased with the increasing of NaCl concentration(0-400 mmol·L-1) and time(3,6,12 and 24 h).Pretreatment with 50% saturation of exogenous CO aqueous solution for 3 h was able to significantly alleviate the elevating cell death rate induced by further 200 mmol·L-1 NaCl treatment.Meanwhile,the above cytoprotective effect of CO could be reversed by the addition of hemoglobin(Hb),a scavenger of CO.Furthermore,the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase(APX) or their related transcripts were also induced by CO in different degrees.

APX

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The professional status of staffs from 74 nursing homes in Fujian province

Zhongguo Huli Guanli (2016)

Zheng Cuihong Chu Chen Huaping Li Tao Xie Lin Chunming

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An income-specific stable population model: theory and potential applications.

PubMed (1988)

Chu Chen

A stable population theory is constructed where income, rather than age, takes the dominant role in the dynamics. The model's structure is based on a Becker (1960) and Willis (1973) household-utility-maximizing assumption where both the desired number of children and the optimal per-child bequest are endogenously determined. Yet, the stable population results still will apply even if the utility-maximizing hypothesis is dropped. Under weak assumptions about individual preferences and household structure, the existence of a unique stationary state which implies both a constant population growth and a stationary income distribution is formed. These 2 facts form an income-specific stable population theory that differs from Lotka's age-spectific stable population theory. It is shown that classifying people on the basis of their incomes is a promising alternative to classifying people on the basis of their ages. Theoretically, the paper extends the Becker-Willis micro-level, static fertility demand model to a macro-level, dynamic population growth structure. Empirically, it is demonstrated that the model can be applied to analyzing the relations between income distribution and population growth, average savings rate and population growth, and long-run population projections.

Bequest

Population model

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