To investigate the environmental influences on the bacteriological quality of red and chicken meats on fridges. The environmental health status was determined by reliable and valid researcher-made checklist. Then 264 samples were gathered in two phases (at the entrance and three months later) and examined for total bacteria count, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella spp. The result revealed that the mean of total bacteria count, E. coli and S. aureus densities had significant differences in two steps on chicken and the red meat samples (P < 0.05). Among the environmental factors, sanitary status, temperature and personal hygiene had significant effects on total bacteria count and S. aureus densities in chicken samples (P < 0.05), and between wastewater and solid waste disposal with E. coli density in red meat samples (P < 0.05). The results implied that the bacteriological quality of red and chicken meat fluctuates with environmental status (especially temperature, sanitary status and personal hygiene). Regular control, improving of sanitary health, and staff training are necessary for elimination of bacterial contamination.
Helicobacter pylori is one of the most common pathogens affecting humans and is the major environmental factor in the development of gastric cancer increasing from 4 to 6 folds the risk of its development. Variations in cancer risk among H. pylori infected individuals may correlate to difference in H. pylori strains, variable host characteristics and specific interactions between host and microbial determinants. To determine the effect of different strains of H. pylori on cellular apoptosis this study was designed an in vitro model using AGS and HEF cell lines. After specified time intervals total cell proteins was extracted and subjected to SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting using anti poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) antibody. Decrease in densitometric value of PARP was indicative of higher level of apoptosis. The ability of apoptosis induction in AGS and HEF cell lines by wild type (cagA+/vacA+), cagA-/vacA+, vacA-/cagA+ and double negative (cagA-/vacA-) strains were significantly different. The assessed apoptosis in AGS cell line co-cultured with wild type strain was 3.22 +/- 0.2 in 24 h, 2.8 +/- 0.1 in 48 and 2.1 +/- 0.09 in 72 h of incubation time. Similar assessment with cagA-/vacA+ strains in AGS cells was 4.17 +/- 1.49 in 24 h, 3.32 +/- 0.45 in 48 h and 2.32 +/- 0.61 in 72 h incubation. A variation in apoptotic potential between the H. pylori strains on two cells (AGS and HEF) was observed. Based on present results, it is concluded that H. pylori strains as well as target cell types are important in pathogenesis and induction of apoptosis during a specified time interval.
Large diaphragmatic defects are still a challenging issue for reconstruction using either synthetic prosthesis or bioprosthesis. To evaluate the possibility of using diaphragm allograft as a natural bioprosthesis in humans, we conducted a two-group study and compared cryopreserved and decellularized diaphragmatic heterograft patched in a canine model.At the end of organ harvesting from a human donor, the left hemidiaphragm was taken to the laboratory in phosphate-buffered saline solution. The next step was freezing the grafts at -80°C, and preserving them for up to 2 months in Group 1. It was subjected to a detergent-enzymatic method (containing sodium deoxycholate/DNase lavations) of decellularization for 25 cycles in Group 2. Through left thoracotomy in the eighth intercostal space, cryopreserved patches in six dogs and decellularized patches in five dogs replaced the diaphragm. During the follow-up, sonography was done in all animals, but three and two dogs in Group 1 and 2 underwent computed tomography (CT) scan, respectively. The animals were euthanized after 6 months.There was no mortality. Sonography showed only motion impairment of the patches in all cases. In Group 1, CT scan showed mild atelectasis and scattered infiltration in the left lower lobe, fibrotic bands and minimal fluid collection under the diaphragm. In Group 2, CT scan showed scattered fibrotic bands and mild to moderate elevation of the left hemidiaphragm. There was no evidence of gross disruption and complete healing of the suture line. Necropsy in both groups showed patches were completely replaced with a dense fibrous tissue. In Group 1, focal calcification was noticeable in every case and foreign body-type granulomas were clearly seen all over the grafted tissue. Histology in Group 2 animals showed less inflammatory cell infiltration and scattered foreign body granulomas in comparison with the cryopreserved patch graft.The gross healing process in the decellularized heterograft is similar to the cryopreserved diaphragm but with fewer inflammatory cells and foreign body granulomas on histology. Both of them can be used instead of bioprostheses with regard to the fact that the decellularized patch technique is more complex and expensive. It is recommended to compare them with commercial bioprostheses.
Background: It is believed that the Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) vacA gene, as a major virulence determinant (One of the major virulence determinant, not major), may be a risk factor for the development of gastroduodenal diseases. The frequency of vacA genotypes varies in different human populations. This study evaluated the prevalence of vacA alleles/genotypes among dyspeptic patients in Isfahan. Materials and Methods: One-hundred H. pylori-positive adult patients were examined in this study. After culture of gastric biopsies and DNA extraction from individual H. pylori isolates, the (all H. pylori strains harbor vacA alleles, please replace presence with genotypes) of the vacA s and m alleles were determined using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: There were four vacA mosaicisms, including 28 for s1a/m1 (28%), 23 for s1b/m1 (23%), 26 for s1a/m2 (26%) and 23 for s1b/m2 (23%). The s2 allele was not found. The predominant vacA genotype in patients with non-ulcer dyspepsia and duodenal ulcer was s1a/m2, whereas in patients with adenocarcinoma was s1a/m1. Conclusion: The results showed there was no significant correlation between different genotypes of the vacA and the clinical outcomes and appears to vacA genotypes were not useful determinants for gastrointestinal diseases in our area.
An efficient and environmentally benign protocol for the pseudo four-component synthesis of benzopyranopyrimidines via condensation of salicylic aldehydes, malononitrile and various amines catalyzed by $ZrOCl_2{\cdot}8H_2O$ as an inexpensive and eco-friendly catalyst with high catalytic activity under solvent-free conditions is reported. This protocol provides a new and improved method for obtaining benzopyranopyrimidines in terms of good yields, simple experimental procedure and short reaction time.
'%3e%3cg id='e'%3e%3cg id='c' fill='none' stroke='%23fff' stroke-width='2'%3e%3cpath id='b' d='M0 1h26M1 10V5h8v4h8V5h-5M4 9h2m20 0h-5V5h8m0-5v9h8V0m-4 0v9' transform='scale(1.4)'/%3e%3cpath id='a' d='M0 7h9m1 0h9' transform='scale(2.8)'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' y='120'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23b' y='145.2'/%3e%3c/g%3e%3cg id='d'%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23c' x='56'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23c' x='112'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23c' x='168'/%3e%3c/g%3e%3c/g%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23d' x='168'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23e' x='392'/%3e%3c/g%3e%3cg fill='%23da0000' transform='matrix(45 0 0 45 315 180)'%3e%3cg id='f'%3e%3cpath d='M-.548.836A.912.912 0 0 0 .329-.722 1 1 0 0 1-.548.836'/%3e%3cpath d='M.618.661A.764.764 0 0 0 .422-.74 1 1 0 0 1 .618.661M0 1l-.05-1L0-.787a.31.31 0 0 0 .118.099V-.1l-.04.993zM-.02-.85 0-.831a.144.144 0 0 0 .252-.137A.136.136 0 0 1 0-.925'/%3e%3c/g%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23f' transform='scale(-1 1)'/%3e%3c/g%3e%3c/svg%3e)