Dans ce travail, nous proposons d'explorer des pratiques de communication non verbales de deux groupes sociaux. Notre champ d'observation s'inscrit dans l'etude d'une tenue maconnique et d'une procession lors d'un pelerinage. Nous procederons a une analyse des usages observes dans les pratiques de communication non verbales et nous formulerons des hypotheses susceptibles d'eclairer le fait que certains d'entre eux, relevant du contexte social et communs aux deux groupes, contribueraient a la creation d'un sentiment d'appartenance chez les membres de ces communautes.
The Greek vase takes today the benefit of a renewed interest. How were the pictures on the Greek vases a communication medium yesterday and today? What was their function in the Antiquity? Are the pictures listed on the bulge of the vases identified (and even identifiable) by people of the XXIrstcentury? It is not forbidden to wonder about the motivations of these artless or experienced visitors. And more precisely, to question this surprising modernity with the instruments of analysis offered by the sciences of information and communication.
En terre limousine, cinq mille cadeaux recus par le president Jacques Chirac sont rassembles dans un musee edifie a cet effet. Dans la Nievre, le musee du Septennat de Francois Mitterrand presente des objets du monde entier, recueillis durant son mandat. La rencontre entre le portrait et le recepteur a lieu grâce a un tiers : le musee, par l'intermediaire des mediateurs, de scenographes et/ou de conservateurs. Dans cette relation triangulaire (production, mediation, reception), la place du tiers est d'autant plus importante que le sujet des portraits peints, le president, est singulier. Ce travail porte sur la representation picturale des presidents et sur les musees qui sont affectes, entre autres fonctions, a la preservation de leur image respective. Il s'agit de comprendre le role des acteurs du systeme (peintres-donateurs, conservateurs et visiteurs) et la nature de l'ensemble des mecanismes mis en jeu dans la triangulation evoquee plus haut.
How to decorate one's house, cook for one's friends, get dressed? Fashion coaching shows are part of a fundamental trend: providing advice to individuals in search of private happiness (Gori, Goz, 2006). They have been the subject of narrative analysis (Antoine, 2010), content analysis (Spies, 2009) or focused on the digital devices put in place by the channels to complement these programmes (Spies, 2015; Quemener, 2015).
This study proposes to focus on reception. In addition to the above-mentioned research, the aim is to shed light on viewer motivations based on a reception study using a comparative approach between three types of viewers: those who claim to like these programmes, those who despise them or pretend to ignore them, and those who only appreciate certain aspects of them.
Abstract Aims The objectives of the study were to: (1) examine the relationships between three different qualitative perceptions of safety culture and the Canadian Patient Safety Climate Survey factors; (2) determine whether these perceptions are associated with different hand hygiene practices. Background Healthcare‐associated infections and safety cultures are a worldwide issue. During the A/H1N1 Influenza pandemic, Europe and North America did not have the same responses. Importantly, healthcare professionals' perceptions can influence patient safety through infection prevention practices like hand hygiene. Design A cross‐sectional design was used with data collected in 2015. Methods The Canadian Patient Safety Culture Survey and hand hygiene observations were gathered from three healthcare centres (two Canadian and one European). Descriptive analyses and ANOVA s were conducted to explore healthcare professionals' safety perceptions and practices. Results The rates of hand hygiene practices varied widely between the three sites, ranging from 35–77%. One site (Site 3) was found to have the highest scores of management follow‐up, feedback about incidents, supervisory leadership for safety, unit learning culture and senior leadership support for safety, and the highest levels of overall patient safety grades for the unit and organization. Conclusion The quantitative results of this study support the previously described model based on qualitative results: individual culture, blaming culture and collaborative culture. Differences between continents emerged regarding infection prevention practices and the way we qualify infections. The results raise concerns about infection practices and about safety cultures and challenges worldwide.
Measurement of bronchial airway responsiveness requires noninvasive techniques in young children. The study was designed to examine the changes in resistance as measured using the interrupter technique (Rint) at the dose of methacholine (M) that induced a fall in transcutaneous partial pressure in O2 (P(tc)O2) > or = 20% (PD(20)P(tc)O2) in young children. Rint was calculated using the linear back-extrapolation method (Rint(L)) and the end-interrupter method (Rint(EI)). Twenty-two children (mean age, 5.2 +/- 1.1 years; range, 3.4 - 7.1 years) with nonspecific respiratory symptoms (mainly chronic cough, n = 17) were tested. P(tc)O2, Rint(L), and Rint(EI) were measured before the test, after saline challenge (baseline (B)), after each dose of M delivered by a dosimeter, and after bronchodilator (BD) inhalation. P(tc)O2 decreased significantly during M challenge, from 85 +/- 6 mmHg (B) to 62 +/- 9 mmHg (P < 0.05), and increased after BD inhalation, to 82 +/- 8 mmHg. Rint(L) and Rint(EI) increased significantly during M challenge, from 0.94 +/- 0.2 KPa/L/s and 1.11 +/- 0.19 KPa/L/s (B) to 1.27 +/- 0.35 KPa/L/s and 1.47 +/- 0.37 KPa/L/s, respectively (P < 0.05), and decreased after BD inhalation to 0.80 +/- 0.17 KPa/L/s and 0.95 +/- 0.18 KPa/L/s, respectively. Nineteen of 22 children reached the PD(20)P(tc)O2 at a dose of M ranging from 50-400 microg. At the PD(20)P(tc)O2, significant changes in Rint(L) and Rint(EI) (sensitivity index (SI) > or = 2) were found in 79% and 63% of children, respectively. We conclude that: 1) M challenge using P(tc)O2 is safe in young children; and 2) our findings are not in favor of the use of Rint as the only indicator of bronchial reaction in young children during M challenge.
Résumé L’expression « Vierge noire » – inconnue au Moyen Âge – apparaît dans la seconde moitié du xxi e siècle. Le Massif central en compte une soixantaine. Cet article formule l’hypothèse que leur couleur, associée aux effigies mariales sert le discours de l’Église du xiv e siècle à nos jours. Aujourd’hui, en quoi ces images noires favorisent-elles la communication de l’Église ? Les Vierges noircies sont-elles un instrument de conversion ? Expriment-elles la diversité des identités ? Peut-on évangéliser par l’art ? Du point de vue du récepteur, quels sont les mécanismes psychologiques mis en jeu dans la relation entre la Vierge noircie et le paroissien ou le pèlerin ? Au bout du compte, les Vierges noires se révèlent être – entre autres – un instrument de propagande de la foi, un outil de communication commerciale, un objet de médiation avec le divin, et un support de rituel favorisant la dimension interpersonnelle du lien social.
