Dental pulp has neural fibers that produce neuropeptides like Substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). The inflammation of dental pulp can lead to an increase amount of SP and CGRP release, especially in symptomatic irreversible pulpitis. Therefore, it can be assumed that neuropeptides have some role in the progression of inflammation of the dental pulp. The aim of this study was to determine the relation between the presence and concentration of neuropeptides in dental pulps of carious teeth caries.For this purpose, pulpal tissues were collected from 40 teeth (20 carious and 20 intact). Pulpal samples were cultured for 72 hours. ELISA reader was used for the detection of SP and CGRP in supernatant fluids. Statistical analysis was made by Mann-Whitney U and Chi square tests.SP and CGRP were present in 65% and 20% of inflamed pulpal samples, respectively and 40% and 5% of normal pulpal samples, respectively. Level of SP was significantly higher in inflamed pulp samples compared to intact pulps; however, there was no statistical difference when the other groups and neuropeptides were compared. The mean concentration of SP in normal pulps was 3.4 times greater than that of CGRP; interestingly in inflamed pulps the concentration of SP was 22.3 times greater than CGRP.We can conclude that in inflamed dental pulps, the concentration of SP is higher than CGRP. It can be hypothesized that CGRP has less effect on the inflammatory changes of dental pulps.
Studies have shown the regulatory role of Leptin in bone formation, its expression in adipose tissue as well as increased levels in circulation following the adminstration of inflammatory stimuli such as lipopolysaccharides (LPS). However, there is little data evaluating the role of Leptin in inflammatory periapical lesions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence and concentration of Leptin in chronic periapical lesions.Chronic periapical lesions with different sizes were collected during periapical surgery of the mandibular molars from twenty patients and cultured for 72 hours. The ELISA method determined the concentration of Leptin in supernatant fluids of explants cultures. Statistical analysis was performed using non-parametric tests (Mann-Whitney U, Chi-Square and Spearman's Correlation Coefficient).Leptin was found in all samples with the average concentration of 405.55±102.98 (pg/mL). There was no significant correlation between the concentration of Leptin and BMI, and the diameters of lesions.Leptin can be considered an inflammatory mediator and is likely to have a role during the early phases of dental periapical lesions.
Objective: Antibacterial properties of silver nanoparticles have recently come into the spotlight in endodontic therapy. This study was conducted aiming at comparing the antimicrobial activity of a new irrigation solution containing nanosilver particles with that of sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine against Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans with direct culture technique. Methods: In this in vitro experimental study, Mueller Hinton agarmedium was prepared for cultivation of E. coli, C. albicans and P. aeruginosa species and Bile-Esculin agar culture medium was used for E. faecalis. Understudy irrigation solutions were chlorhexidine 2%, chlorhexidine 0.2%, sodium hypochlorite 5.25%, sodium hypochlorite 2.5%, sodium hypochlorite 1.125% and nanosilver solutions of 25, 50, 100, 150, 200, 400 and 4000 ppm. After preparation, the bacteria were exposed to these solutions and the culture media were stored in an incubator at 37C for 24 hours.The diameter of growth inhibition zone was determined for different microbial species and data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Dunnett’s tests. Results: Significant differences were found between various irrigation solutions based on the diameter of growth inhibition zones for E. faecalis, E. coli, C. albicans and P. aeruginosa (P<0.0001). The greatest antimicrobial activity against microbial species belonged to sodium hypochlorite 5.25% and 2.5%. Silver nanoparticle solution had an acceptable antimicrobial activity in comparison to other solutions and its antimicrobial property constantly improved by increased concentration of Ag ions. The nanosilver containing irrigation solution at different concentrations up to 100 ppm did not show a significant difference with sodium hypochlorite 1.25% in terms of antimicrobial efficacy. Furthermore, the greatest antibacterial activity against P.aeruginosa was observed at different concentrations of nanosilver up to 100 ppm; whereas, chlorhexidine showed no antimicrobial activity against this microorganism. Conclusion: Based on the obtained results, nanosilver canal irrigation solution had a lower but acceptable antimicrobial activity against various bacterial species compared to conventional irrigation solutions. Therefore, once other characteristics of nanosilver are approved, further studies can be performed to improve its properties and use it as an alternative to conventional root canal
Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between pulp polyp formation and immunoglobulin E (IgE), histamine and interleukin‐4 (IL‐4) as the most important mediators which are involved in allergy. Thirty‐two samples including 16 pulp polyps and 16 normal pulps were gathered. After homogenising the pulpal tissue samples, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) techniques were used to assess the concentration of IgE, histamine, IL‐4 and IL‐12. The two groups showed statistically significant differences in terms of both the concentration and presence of IgE, histamine and IL‐4 ( P < 0.001); both presence and concentration of IgE, histamine and IL‐4 were higher in pulp polyps than in normal pulps. There is not any significant difference between case and control groups regarding IL‐12. The results of this study give rise to the possibility of type I hypersensitivity reaction being involved in pulp polyp's pathogenesis.
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