Rosli Mohamad

Northern University of Malaysia

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Dzolkhifli Omar

Université Mustapha Stambouli de Mascara

Adam Puteh

Universiti Putra Malaysia

Wahyu Wibawa

Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development

Abdul Shukor Juraimi

Universiti Putra Malaysia

Yahya Awang

Universiti Putra Malaysia

A. W. Samsuri

Universiti Putra Malaysia

Md. Mahbub Morshed

Universiti Putra Malaysia

Yusof Shuaib Ibrahim

Universiti Malaysia Terengganu

Haslinda Hassan

Northern University of Malaysia

Hafizah Mohamad Hsbollah

Northern University of Malaysia

Cooperative Institutions

Universiti Putra Malaysia

National University of Malaysia

Universiti Teknologi MARA

Northern University of Malaysia

University of Technology Malaysia

Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute

Massey University

Universiti Sains Malaysia

Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah

International Islamic University Malaysia

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Health risk assessment of household hazardous waste in Malaysia

Rosli Mohamad

This study was conducted to assess the risk of health hazards of exposure to hazardous waste at home to employees in local authorities in Malaysia. The study was conducted on 40 local authorities (27.8%), using the same method used by Buenrostro et al, 2001 and health risk assessment guidelines of the United States Environmental Protection Agency, 1989. The Four Step Process of Health Risk Assessment is hazard identification, exposure assessment, dose response assessment and risk characterization. In this study, the household hazardous wastes (HHW) were analyzed for their permissible dose level and the existing hazard level, hazard index and cancer index by using Monte Carlo Method. This study estimated that 22,388 tonnes of wastes generated every day in Malaysia and around 2.2 percent out of that amount are HHW, which mean average generation for each person per day was 0.02 kg. The category District Council, show that the HHW generated around 3.7 %, followed by Municipal Council around 3.3 percents then for City Council with 3.0 %. These figures indicate that, the increments of the percentages depend on the status of the local authorities and it was also estimated that the waste generation increment was around 2 to 3 percents per year. The study found that almost 14 percents of the local authorities in Malaysia dumping the HHW into the drains and rivers without considering the proper management and the figures also indicated that the pollution level was at High Risk in Malaysia. Cancer Index for dermal exposure is 5.8 x 10-7 mg/m³, for Inhalation dust 1.4x x10-1 mg/m³, under Low Risk and for Inhalation aerosol is 5 x x10-2 mg/m³, under Medium Risk, while if the HHW were improperly managed, it will fall into High Risk in Malaysia if the index rate less than 1:1,000,000 as specified by United States Environmental Protection Agency, 1989 and World Health Organization. Hazard ranking for risk contamination from HHW clearly shows that the district council found 15 % are level High Risk (Rank 1). Municipal council 14 % and City Council 25 % and almost 14 percents the pollution level was at High Risk in Malaysia. For landfill with high-risk pollution potential to water resources, it should be shut in stages. Safety and health are important and should be given priority. So, the employees need to know the permissible dose level of exposure for the handling of HHW and this is the responsibility of employers to increase the level of knowledge and provide personal protective equipment (PPE) to employees in accordance with the provisions under the Occupational Safety and Health Act, 1994. While the separation of HHW should be done at the main source by implementing enforcement and compliance with the provisions of Solid Waste Management and Public Cleansing Act (Act 672) Malaysia, 2007.

Health Risk Assessment

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Efficacy and cost-effectiveness of three broad-spectrum herbicides to control weeds in immature oil palm plantation

Pertanika journal of tropical agricultural science (2010)

Wahyu Wibawa Mohd Ghazali Mohayidin Rosli Mohamad Abdul Shukor Juraimi Dzolkhifli Omar

Efficacy and cost-effectiveness of three herbicides (paraquat, glufosinate ammonium, and glyphosate) were evaluated at the MAB Agriculture-Horticulture Sdn. Bhd. Plantation, in Sepang, Malaysia from February 2004 to October 2005. The experimental design was RCBD with four replications. Each plot size, with the measurement of 4.8 x 20.5 m, was used for three oil palm plants. There were 13 treatments applied at the respective rates (namely, paraquat at 200, 400, 600, 800 g a.i. ha-1, glufosinate ammonium at 200, 400, 600, 800 g a.i. ha-1, glyphosate at 400, 800, 1200, 1600 g a.i. ha-1) and an untreated check as a control. The rates for the herbicides cover their field recommended rates (paraquat at 400-600 g a.i. ha-1, glufosinate ammonium at 500 g a.i. ha-1, and glyphosate at 1000 g a.i. ha-1). Results showed that glufosinate ammonium and glyphosate gave better efficacies than paraquat as revealed by the data on the percentage of weeds killed, the percentage of weed growth reduction and the duration of effective weed control. Nonetheless, a similar efficacy did not always produce the same cost-effectiveness. The most cost-effective treatment was glyphosate (at 400 g a.i. ha-1), followed by glyphosate (at 800 g a.i. ha-1) and glufosinate ammonium (200 g a.i. ha-1) with the costs around RM108.95, RM160.70, and RM214.19 ha-1year-1, respectively. Meanwhile, glyphosate has the ideal criteria as the most cost-effective herbicide because it is cheap (at the current price of RM13.75 L-1), good efficacy at low dose, produces long duration of effective weed control, and lesser spraying rounds required year-1.[ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glufosinate

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The effectiveness of three preservatives and the relative resistance of ten Malaysian hardwoods against the subterranean termite, Coptotermes curvignathus (Holm.).

Ahmad Said Sajap Rosli Mohamad Abd Rahim Abu Samah

Effectiveness of three preservatives and relative resistance of ten species of hardwoods were tested against the subterranean termite, Coptotermes curvignathus (Holm.), in laboratory bioassay. All three preservatives evaluated significantly increased wood resistance to attack. Copper-chrome-arsenic (CCA) was more effective than either sodium pentachlorophenol (Na PCP) or sodium tribromophenol (Na TBP). The bioassay indicated that the heavy hardwoods, Chengal and Resak were the least susceptible woods with a wood mass loss less than one per cent. The light hardwoods, Light red meranti, Jelutong andDamar minyak, were the most susceptible wood with a wood mass loss exceeding ten per cent.

Pentachlorophenol

Coptotermes

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Field Efficacy of Several Selected Insecticides Against theDiamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L)1, on Cabbage,Brassica oleracea var. capitata (L), in the Lowland of Malaysia

Rosli Mohamad Yusof Shuaib Ibrahim Wei Cheong Chong

l!.1ficacy of several selected insecticides available in the market were tested against the Diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L), on cabbage, Brassica oleracea val'. capitata (L), in the lowland (University of Agriculture Malaysia farm). Ir~ general, the results showed that acephate, methamidophos, and bendiocarb all at 0.1% a.i., Bacillus thuringiensis at 1g./I., diflubenzuron at 0.007% a.i., each in 450 I. of water/ha. caused significant reduction (P~ 0.05) in larval population. These insecticides also provided equal protection against larval damage on young hearting leaves of cabbage. Consistently, the control plots gave significantly lower yield (P ~ 0.05) of marketable heads as compared to the insecticide treated plots.

Acephate

Capitata

Methamidophos

Plutellidae

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Less hazardous alternative herbicides to control weeds in immature oil palm

Weed Biology and Management (2007)

Wahyu Wibawa Rosli Mohamad Dzolkhifli Omar Abdul Shukor Juraimi

In 2002, the Malaysian government had banned the use of the hazardous herbicide, paraquat. Most growers perceive that paraquat is the most effective herbicide and provides the fastest mode of action to control weeds. An experiment was conducted at MAB Agriculture‐Horticulture, Sepang, Selangor, Malaysia, from February 2004 to February 2005 to evaluate the efficacy and ability of the less hazardous herbicides, glufosinate ammonium and glyphosate, as an alternative to the hazardous herbicide, paraquat, in controlling weeds in immature oil palm (<3 years old). The results showed that paraquat needed high rates, 600 and 800 g ha −1 , to control weeds effectively. However, lower rates of glufosinate ammonium (200 g ha −1 ) and glyphosate (400 g ha −1 ) gave excellent weed control. The results showed that the efficacy of glufosinate ammonium and glyphosate were much better than paraquat. The results also showed that, with no direct contact with the plants, paraquat, glufosinate ammonium, and glyphosate had no adverse effect on the vegetative and generative growth of oil palm in this study. These results proved that the less hazardous herbicides, glufosinate ammonium and glyphosate, could be used as an alternative to paraquat to control weeds in immature oil palm.

Glufosinate

10.1111/j.1445-6664.2007.00263.x

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Persistence of Insecticides Against Larvae of Plutella Xylostella (L.)

International Journal of Tropical Insect Science (1988)

Rosli Mohamad Mohd. Yunus Ismail

Methamidophos

Bacillus thuringiensis

Persistence (discontinuity)

10.1017/s1742758400010134

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The toxicity and efficacy of two formulations of acephate on two populations of Plutella xylostella L. (lepidoptera: plutellidae)

Rosli Mohamad Roslee Baharom

Laboratory toxicity and field effectiveness of two formulations of acephate, technical (97%) and Orthene 75SP, were evaluated on two populations of Plutella xylostella. In the laboratory, larvae were exposed to treated leaves of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) for 48 h. At the lowest (0.05% a.L) and the highest (0.2% a.L) concentrations tested, both formulations caused Inortalities of > 55% and > 80%, respectively on the two populations. In the field, the two formulations were equally effective in lowering the Leaf Damage Index on cabbage (Brassica oleraceae var. capitata). At all concentrations tested, the number of marketable heads obtained was significantly greater (p <0.05) than that of control. In terms of the Leaf Damage Index and the percentage marketable heads, increasing concentrations of either formulations reduced the former and increased the latter for both populations.

Plutellidae

Acephate

Capitata

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Rearing non-diapausing western spruce budworm on pre-mixed artificial diet

Rosli Mohamad P. C. Oloffs

The western spruce budworm, C. occidentalis Freeman, was reared on pre-mixed artificial diet in the laboratory without diapause. The colony was maintained indefinitely with a generation time of 38-40 days. Females deposited an average of 307 eggs of which about 91% survived. The rearing technique provided a steady and reliable supply of the insects for other basic research. The supply of insects could be adjusted according to need at any particular time. Sanitation is essential to successful rearing, because contamination of diet or rearing facilities produces an unsuitable environment for the survival and development of newly-hatched larvae.

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Dose Response and Exposure Assessment of Household Hazardous Waste

InTech eBooks (2017)

Johan Sohaili Shantha Kumari Muniyandi Rosli Mohamad

This study was conducted to assess the risk of health hazards to employees working in local authorities in Malaysia especially workforce involved in waste management. Therefore, the four steps process of Health Risk Assessment has been identified, which include hazard identification, exposure assessment, dose response assessment and risk characterization. It was estimated approximately 22,388 tons of wastes generated every year in Malaysia and around 2.2 % out of that amount were consisting of hazardous household waste (HHW) with mean average generation for each person per day was around 0.02 kg. The waste generation is expected to increase 2 to 3 % per year and estimated to reach approximately 31 million of tones per day in the year 2020. In this study, the household hazardous wastes (HHW) were analyzed for their permissible dose level and the existing hazard level, hazard index and cancer index. Cancer Index for dermal exposure is found to be 5.8 × 10–7 mg/m3, for Inhalation dust 1.4× ×10–1 mg/m3, which falls under Low Risk and for Inhalation aerosol is 5 × ×10–2 mg/m3, under Medium Risk. Extra care must be taken for the management of HHW as if it is improperly managed, it will fall into High Risk.

Exposure Assessment

10.5772/65955

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Hubungan lokus kawalan dengan tahap stres di kalangan warga kerja Pejabat-pejabat Pelajaran Daerah Negeri Johor : satu kajian kes

Rosli Mohamad Mohamed Sharif Mustaffa

Kajian ini bertujuan untuk melihat hubungan lokus kawalan dengan tahap stres di kalangan warga kerja di pejabat-pejabat pelajaran daerah (PPD) seluruh negeri Johor. Di samping itu kajian ini juga melihat perbezaan orientasi lokus kawalan dan tahap stres serta punca stres di kalangan subjek kajian. Seramai 106 pegawai dan staf dari 10 buah PPD dipilih secara rawak berkelompok telah dijadikan subjek kajian. Skala Internal, Powerful Others and ChanceI (IPC) yang telah diubahsuai digunakan untuk mengukur bentuk orientasi lokus kawalan. Manakala soalselidik Job Related Tension Index (JRTI) diguna untuk mengukur tahap dan punca stres. Sebanyak 9 hipotesis telah diuji. Data-data yang diperolehi telah dianalisis menggunakan ujian ANOVA Sehala, Ujian t dan pekali Pearson untuk melihat perbezaan dan hubungan pembolehubah yang dikaji. Keputusan kajian telah mendapati; a) Semua subjek kajian berorientasikan lokus kawalan dalaman tetapi perempuan lebih berkawalan dalaman berbanding dengan lelaki. b) Semua subjek kajian mengalami tahap stres yang rendah tetapi terdapat perbezaan yang signifikan di kalangan jantina iaitu lelaki lebih stres daripada perempuan. c) Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara lokus kawalan dalaman dengan tahap stres sederhana bagi lelaki dan kumpulan gred jawatan yang rendah. d) Tiada perbezaan yang signifikan punca stres di kalangan subjek kajian.

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