We have examined primary human neuronal precursors (HNPs) from 18-22-week-old fetuses. We showed that E-NCAM/MAP2/beta-III tubulin-immunoreactive neuronal precursors divide in vitro and could be induced to differentiate into mature neurons in 2 weeks. HNPs did not express nestin and differentiated slowly compared to rodent neuronal restricted precursors (NRPs, 5 days). Immunocytochemical and physiological analyses showed that HNPs could generate a heterogeneous population of neurons that expressed neurofilament-associated protein and various neurotransmitters, neurotransmitter synthesizing enzymes, voltage-gated ion channels, and ligand-gated neurotransmitter receptors and could fire action potentials. Undifferentiated and differentiated HNPs did not coexpress glial markers. Only a subset of cells that expressed GFP under the control of the Talpha1 tubulin promoter was E-NCAM/beta-III tubulin-immunoreactive, indicating nonexclusive overlap between these two HNP cell populations. Overall, HNPs resemble NRPs isolated from rodent tissue and appear to be a neuronal precursor population.
Very little information is available regarding superovulation and embryo recovery in post-partum, suckled beef cows.Therefore, this experiment was designed to compare the effectiveness of a single injection (group 1) vs. multiple injections (group 2) of FSH on superovulatory response and embryo yield in post-partum, suckled, Hereford and Hereford-cross beef cows.In both groups, estrus was synchronized prior to superovulation using two injections of PGF 2α .Cows in group 1 (n = 26) were superovulated with a single injection of FSH (400mg) followed by PGF 2α 48h later.Animals in group 2 (n = 21) were given 8 injections of FSH in decreasing doses (400 mg total) over 4 days; PGF 2α was given with the 6th injection.All cows were observed for estrus and artificially inseminated at 60 and 72 h after PGF 2α .Seven days later, the cows were examined for superovulatory response and later flushed using a non-surgical technique.In group 1, only 19% of cows (5/26) responded with more than one ovulation.Mean number of ovulations in these cows was 6.4 ± 5.1 and the mean number of ova recovered was 3.6 ± 2.7.There were no embryos of transferable quality.In group 2, a superovulatory response was seen in all cows.The mean number of ovulations was 11.0 ± 3.3.The mean number of ova recovered was 5.2 ± 5.8 and the mean transferable embryos was 2.9 ± 3.1.In 24% of the cows (5/21) there were no ova/ embryos recovered despite a good superovulatory response.A series of FSH injections was shown to be better than a single injection for superovulating post-partum, suckled beef cows.Further studies need to be done to help explain the poor embryo recovery in some suckled cows.‡Molecular cloning of porcine colony stimulating factor-1 cDNA and its expression in endometrial and embryonic tissues during implantation.
Adult humans, like their nonhuman mammalian counterparts, harbor persistent neural progenitor cells in the forebrain ventricular lining. In the absence of adequate surface markers, however, these cells have proven difficult to isolate for study. We have previously identified and selected neural progenitor cells from both the fetal and adult rodent ventricular zone (VZ), by sorting forebrain cells transfected with plasmid DNA encoding the gene for green fluorescent protein driven by the early neuronal promoter for Talpha1 tubulin (P/Talpha1:hGFP). We have now extended this approach by purifying both P/Talpha1:hGFP tubulin-defined neuronal progenitors, as well as potentially less committed E/nestin:hGFP-defined neural progenitor cells, from the adult human VZ. The ventricular wall of the temporal horn of the lateral ventricle was dissected from temporal lobes obtained from four adult patients undergoing therapeutic lobectomy. These samples were dissociated, and the cultured cells transduced with either P/Talpha1:hGFP or E/nestin:EGFP plasmid DNA. A week later, the cells were redissociated, selected via fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) on the basis of neural promoter-driven GFP expression, and replated. The majority of these cells expressed the early neuronal protein betaIII-tubulin upon FACS; within the week thereafter, most matured as morphologically evident neurons that coexpressed betaIII-tubulin and microtubule-associated protein (MAP)-2. Many of these neurons had incorporated bromodeoxyuridine in vitro in the days before FACS, indicating their mitogenesis in vitro. Thus, the use of fluorescent transgenes under the control of early neural promoters permits the enrichment of neuronal progenitor cells from the adult human ventricular zone. The specific acquisition, in both purity and number, of residual neural progenitor cells from the adult human brain may now permit hitherto unfeasible studies of both their biology and practical application.
Allergic conjunctivitis (AC) is an ocular inflammatory disease with symptoms driven by eosinophils and mast cells. Allergic comorbidities are common. Current treatments are often ineffective in severe AC and limited by potential side effects. Lirentelimab is an anti-sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin-8 mAb that depletes eosinophils and inhibits mast cells.
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