P. S. Pandian

Defence Research and Development Organisation

Author Statistics

Papers

Citation

H-Index

i-10 index

Research Trends

Author Order

Document Type

Co-Authors

V. C. Padaki

Defence Bioengineering and Electromedical Laboratory

Megha Singh

Rai University

M. Kumaravel

Indian Institute of Technology Bombay

Srinivasa Muralidhara

Maharaja Engineering College

K. P. Safeer

Defence Bioengineering and Electromedical Laboratory

J. Radhakrishnan

Coventry (United Kingdom)

K. Uma Rao

R.V. College of Engineering

Vijay K. Varadan

Pennsylvania State University

D.T. Shakunthala

Defence Research and Development Organisation

Xie Jun

Beijing Normal University

Cooperative Institutions

Defence Research and Development Organisation

Defence Bioengineering and Electromedical Laboratory

University of Arkansas at Fayetteville

Pennsylvania State University

Advanced Numerical Research and Analysis Group

Indian Institute of Technology Bombay

Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center

Indian Institute of Science Bangalore

International Institute of Information Technology Bangalore

Visvesvaraya Technological University

Author Statistics

Papers

Citation

H-Index

i-10 index

Research Field

Multilayer imaging and compositional analysis of human male breast by laser reflectometry and Monte Carlo simulation

Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing (2009)

P. S. Pandian M. Kumaravel Megha Singh

Reflectometry

Pectoralis major muscle

Backscatter (email)

Sternum

10.1007/s11517-009-0531-3

Cite

Citations (7)

Wireless wearable remote physiological signals monitoring system

Srinivasa Muralidhara P. S. Pandian

Wearable Physiological Monitoring Systems (WPMS) integrates a number of sensors into fabric of the wearer for remotely monitoring the health status. The paper discusses a Wireless wearable remote physiological signal monitoring system to acquire and monitor physiological parameters like Electrocardiogram (ECG) acquired from a dry textile electrode, Photoplethysmogram (PPG), body temperature, Pulse Transmit Time (PTT) and Heart Rate. The acquired physiological signals are transmitted wireless using ZigBee or a Bluetooth to a remote monitoring station. In the remote monitoring station the data is processed and physiological parameters are extracted and displayed continuously. From the acquired data the overall health status of wearer is monitored. The paper discusses the first prototype of the wearable physiological monitoring system developed and the initial testing results.

Photoplethysmogram

Remote patient monitoring

Continuous monitoring

Wearable Technology

SIGNAL (programming language)

10.1109/cimca.2016.8053275

Cite

Citations (3)

Low noise multi-channel biopotential wireless data acquisition system for dry electrodes

Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE (2008)

P. S. Pandian Ashwin K. Whitchurch Jose K. Abraham Himanshu Bhusan Baskey J. Radhakrishnan

The bioelectrical potentials generated within the human body are the result of electrochemical activity in the excitable cells of the nervous, muscular or glandular tissues. The ionic potentials are measured using biopotential electrodes which convert ionic potentials to electronic potentials. The commonly monitored biopotential signals are Electrocardiogram (ECG), Electroencephalogram (EEG) and Electromyogram (EMG). The electrodes used to monitor biopotential signals are Ag-AgCl and gold, which require skin preparation by means of scrubbing to remove the dead cells and application of electrolytic gel to reduce the skin contact resistance. The gels used in biopotential recordings dry out when used for longer durations and add noise to the signals and also prolonged use of gels cause irritations and rashes to skin. Also noises such as motion artifact and baseline wander are added to the biopotential signals as the electrode floats over the electrolytic gel during monitoring. To overcome these drawbacks, dry electrodes are used, where the electrodes are held against the skin surface to establish contact with the skin without the need for electrolytic fluids or gels. The major drawback associated with the dry electrodes is the high skin-electrode impedance in the low frequency range between 0.1-120 Hz, which makes it difficult to acquire clean and noise free biopotential signals. The paper presents the design and development of biopotential data acquisition and processing system to acquire biopotential signals from dry electrodes. The electrode-skin-electrode- impedance (ESEI) measurements was carried out for the dry electrodes by impedance spectroscopy. The biopotential signals are processed using an instrumentation amplifier with high CMRR and high input impedance achieved by boot strapping the input terminals. The signals are band limited by means of a second order Butterworth band pass filters to eliminate noise. The processed biopotential signals are digitized and transmitted wirelessly to a remote monitoring station.

10.1117/12.798234

Cite

Citations (1)

Optical Characterization of Abnormalities in Various Size and Shape in Tissue Equivalent Phantoms

P. S. Pandian Megha Singh

Tissue equivalent phantoms were made by mixing various combinations of wax colors with paraffin wax. Abnormalities of various size and shape were embedded into the tissue equivalent phantoms at different locations and depths to simulate real life abnormalities of tissues. The normalized back-scattered intensity (NBI) profiles at various locations on the tissue equivalent phantoms were obtained by multi-probe laser reflectometer. The laser radiations are guided by an optical fiber onto the phantoms and the backscattered radiations are collected by three optical fibers placed at a distance of 3 mm, 5 mm and 7 mm from the input fiber. The data after digitization, interpolation and filtering, are gray color-coded and displayed on the outline of the phantom. These NBI pattern vary depending on the optical characteristics of the phantom at various locations. For optical characterization the optical parameters, scattering (mu ₃ ) and absorption (mu ₂ ) coefficients and the anisotropy parameter (g) at each location on the phantom, by matching of reflectance profiles with that as simulated by a Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) procedure were determined. From the surface profile the size, location and depth of the abnormality were obtained.

10.1109/icscn.2008.4447171

Cite

Citations (0)

Multiclass Gait Phase Classification From the Temporal Convolutional Network of Wireless Surface Electromyography Measurements

IEEE Sensors Letters (2024)

Veeramanickam M.R.M P. S. Pandian P. A. Karthick

10.1109/lsens.2024.3453558

Cite

Citations (0)

A high CMRR analog front-end IC for wearable physiological monitoring

D. Susheel Kumar K. P. Safeer P. S. Pandian V. C. Padaki D. Shravan Kumar

This paper presents a High Common Mode Rejection Ratio(CMRR) Instrumentation Amplifier(IA) with Driven Right Leg(DRL) circuitry for Electrocardiogram(ECG) signal acquisition. The circuit is based on the current feedback topology. The high pass and lowpass filters are integrated into the IA. DRL is implemented to minimise the common mode noise. The present design is fabricated at UMC on 0.18µm CMOS process technology. The measured CMRR of the circuit is 122dB. The bandwidth of the amplifier is 0.05–125Hz. The integrated input referred noise is 2.3µV. the ICMR is 0–1.65V and the dynamic range is +4.5mV. The power of the total circuit(IA+DRL) is 132µW with a 3.3V supply. The instrumentation amplifier is tested with simulators and patients also.

Common-mode rejection ratio

Instrumentation amplifier

Analog front-end

Preamplifier

10.1109/indcon.2012.6420648

Cite

Citations (8)

An Overview of Telemedicine Technologies for Healthcare Applications

IGI Global eBooks (2018)

P. S. Pandian

Medical care generally relies on the face-to-face encounter between patients and doctors. In places where face-to-face encounters are not possible, telemedicine technologies are relied upon to link patients to specialist doctors for consultation and to obtain opinion. The telemedicine technologies provide improved health care to the underprivileged in inaccessible areas at reduced cost. Telemedicine also improve quality of health care and more importantly reduce the isolation of specialists, nurses and allied health professionals. This review papers discusses the telemedicine technologies and its history, the communications technologies that are being used. The paper also covers the advantages and benefits of telemedicine. Also the recent advances that are going on in telemedicine in the areas of m-health, Wearable Physiological Monitoring System (WPMS), Wireless Body Area Networks (WBAN). Finally, the paper concludes with some of the drawbacks or issues of telemedicine technologies.

Emerging Technologies

10.4018/978-1-5225-5484-4.ch031

Cite

Citations (2)

Dry electrodes for bio-potential measurement in wearable systems

Srinivasa Muralidhara P. S. Pandian

Recent advanced technology in the field of Low power VLSI design, wireless communication and mobile based systems has shown significant scope towards the development of an alternate method of measuring biopotential signals using dry electrodes as the sensors. These electrodes can be used for long duration monitoirng of physiological signals. The conventional gel based wet Ag/AgCl electrodes are being used universally in all clinical applications for the measurement of biopotential signals like ECG, EEG, and EMG etc. The wet electrodes give excellent signal output, but they have the drawback that, they cannot be used for long duration monitoring as the gel dry out over a period of time, also the gels cause rashes and irritation to the skin when used for longer durations. The recording of ECG signals on subjects with lots of hair in the regions where electrodes are to be placed is difficult due to loss of contact between electrode and skin surface. The paper proposes a wearable physiological monitoring system that uses a novel dry electrode suitable for long duration monitoring of ECG signals. Three types of dry electrodes viz. textile electrodes, needle array electrode and a Silver coated surface electrodes were fabricated and tested for acquisition of ECG signals. The dry electrodes are fabricated as Active Electrodes thereby enabling better signal quality. The recording from the dry electrodes are compared to that of the wet electrodes and the recordings are compared and discussed.

SIGNAL (programming language)

10.1109/rteict.2017.8256600

Cite

Citations (18)

Laser Reflectance Imaging of Human Chest for Localization of Internal Organs

IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering (2010)

P. S. Pandian M. Kumaravel Megha Singh

The normalized backscattered intensity (NBI) profiles at various locations of human thorax by multiprobe laser reflectometer are obtained. These data after digitization, interpolation, and filtering are color-coded and displayed as images on the outline of the human thorax. For optical characterization of tissues in terms of their parameters, scattering and absorption coefficients and the anisotropy parameter (g) are obtained by matching the measured NBI profile with that as obtained by Monte Carlo simulation procedure. Corresponding to the variation of the NBI over the various regions, the optical parameters show their respective changes. The maximum absorption and minimum scattering coefficients are observed at the areola, clavicle, sternum, scapula, and vertebral column. The minimum absorption and maximum scattering coefficients are observed at the pectoralis major of chest and rectus abdominis of abdomen regions, as compared to the other regions, attributed to their tissue compositional variations. To visualize the various tissues in lower regions of the thorax, the color-coded scheme of the NBI variation, as measured by the third fiber, is further expanded. By this procedure, the outlines of the heart and lungs, as detected through intercostals regions, are observed, which is in good agreement with that as determined by the chest radiograph of the same subject taken in PA position. Similarly the lower sections of the liver and stomach, due to their distinct optical parameters, are also observed.

Thorax (insect anatomy)

10.1109/tbme.2009.2037606

Cite

Citations (5)

A ZigBee -wireless wearable remote physiological monitoring system

P. S. Pandian Srinivasa Muralidhara

Wearable health monitoring systems use integrated sensors to monitor vital physiological parameters of the wearer. The paper discusses the preliminary results of a prototype wearable physiological monitoring system to monitor physiological parameters such as Electrocardiogram (ECG), Heart Rate (HR), Electroencephalogram (EEG) and Body Temperature. The ECG and EEG signals are acquired using a textile electrodes integrated into the fabric of the wearer. The acquired ECG and EEG signals are processed to remove noises and the parameters are extracted and trend analysis is carried out. The physiological parameters are monitored at the remote monitoring station using a ZigBee wireless communication.

Wearable Technology

Remote patient monitoring

10.1109/icspcom.2016.7980615

Cite

Citations (5)