Baba Sall

Ministère de l'Agriculture

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Momar Talla Seck

Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles

Jérémy Bouyer

Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes

Marc J. B. Vreysen

International Atomic Energy Agency

Renaud Lancelot

Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes

Mireille Djimangali Bassène

Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles

Assane Guèye Fall

Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles

Geoffrey Gimonneau

Institut de Recherche pour le Développement

Andrew Parker

International Atomic Energy Agency

Soumaïla Pagabeleguem

Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo

Mbargou Lo

Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles

Cooperative Institutions

Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement

Université de Montpellier

Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles

Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes

Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement

Agropolis International

Institut Agro Montpellier

Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique

Cheikh Anta Diop University

Centre international de recherche-développement sur l'elevage en zone subhumide

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Application of very high spatial resolution remote sensing for the characterization of risk areas for rift valley fever in Senegal

Valérie Soti Jonathan Maura Annelise Tran Véronique Chevalier Éric Etter

Rift Valley Fever

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Citations (0)

Chilling, irradiation and transport of male Glossina palpalis gambiensis pupae: effect on the emergence, flight ability and survival.

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (2018)

Souleymane Diallo Momar Talla Seck Jean Baptiste Rayaissé Assane Guèye Fall Mireille Djimangali Bassène

Background The sterile insect technique (SIT) requires mass-rearing of the target species, irradiation to induce sexual sterility and transportation from the mass-rearing facility to the target site. Those treatments require several steps that may affect the biological quality of sterile males. This study has been carried out to evaluate the relative impact of the chilling, irradiation and transport on emergence rate, flight ability and survival of sterile male tsetse flies Glossina palpalis gambiensis. Results Chilling, irradiation and transport all affected the quality control parameters studied. The emergence rate was significantly reduced by long chilling periods and transport, i.e. from 92% at the source insectary to 78% upon arrival in Dakar. Flight ability was affected by all three parameters with 31% operational flies lossed between the source and arrival insectaries. Only survival under stress was not affected by any of the treatments. Conclusion The chilling period and transport were the main treatments which impacted significantly the quality of sterile male pupae. Therefore, the delivery of sterile males was divided over two shipments per week in order to reduce the chilling time and improve the quality of the sterile males. Quality of the male pupae may further be improved by reducing the transport time and vibration during transport. Keys words: Tsetse flies, mass-rearing conditions, sterile insect technique, quality

Sterile Insect Technique

Tsetse fly

10.1101/502567

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Citations (1)

The Smart Aerial Release Machine, a Universal System for Applying the Sterile Insect Technique

PLoS ONE (2014)

Rubén Leal Mubarqui Rene Cano Perez Roberto Angulo Kladt Jose Luis Zavala López Andrew Parker

Background Beyond insecticides, alternative methods to control insect pests for agriculture and vectors of diseases are needed. Management strategies involving the mass-release of living control agents have been developed, including genetic control with sterile insects and biological control with parasitoids, for which aerial release of insects is often required. Aerial release in genetic control programmes often involves the use of chilled sterile insects, which can improve dispersal, survival and competitiveness of sterile males. Currently available means of aerially releasing chilled fruit flies are however insufficiently precise to ensure homogeneous distribution at low release rates and no device is available for tsetse. Methodology/Principal Findings Here we present the smart aerial release machine, a new design by the Mubarqui Company, based on the use of vibrating conveyors. The machine is controlled through Bluetooth by a tablet with Android Operating System including a completely automatic guidance and navigation system (MaxNav software). The tablet is also connected to an online relational database facilitating the preparation of flight schedules and automatic storage of flight reports. The new machine was compared with a conveyor release machine in Mexico using two fruit flies species (Anastrepha ludens and Ceratitis capitata) and we obtained better dispersal homogeneity (% of positive traps, p<0.001) for both species and better recapture rates for Anastrepha ludens (p<0.001), especially at low release densities (<1500 per ha). We also demonstrated that the machine can replace paper boxes for aerial release of tsetse in Senegal. Conclusions/Significance This technology limits damages to insects and allows a large range of release rates from 10 flies/km2 for tsetse flies up to 600 000 flies/km2 for fruit flies. The potential of this machine to release other species like mosquitoes is discussed. Plans and operating of the machine are provided to allow its use worldwide.

Sterile Insect Technique

Ceratitis capitata

10.1371/journal.pone.0103077

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Citations (38)

Dispersal in heterogeneous environments drives population dynamics and control of tsetse flies

Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences (2021)

Hélène Cecilia Sandie Arnoux Sébastien Picault Ahmadou Dicko Momar Talla Seck

Spatio-temporally heterogeneous environments may lead to unexpected population dynamics. Knowledge is needed on local properties favouring population resilience at large scale. For pathogen vectors, such as tsetse flies transmitting human and animal African trypanosomosis, this is crucial to target management strategies. We developed a mechanistic spatio-temporal model of the age-structured population dynamics of tsetse flies, parametrized with field and laboratory data. It accounts for density- and temperature-dependence. The studied environment is heterogeneous, fragmented and dispersal is suitability-driven. We confirmed that temperature and adult mortality have a strong impact on tsetse populations. When homogeneously increasing adult mortality, control was less effective and induced faster population recovery in the coldest and temperature-stable locations, creating refuges. To optimally select locations to control, we assessed the potential impact of treating them and their contribution to the whole population. This heterogeneous control induced a similar population decrease, with more dispersed individuals. Control efficacy was no longer related to temperature. Dispersal was responsible for refuges at the interface between controlled and uncontrolled zones, where resurgence after control was very high. The early identification of refuges, which could jeopardize control efforts, is crucial. We recommend baseline data collection to characterize the ecosystem before implementing any measures.

Tsetse fly

Population model

Density dependence

Population control

Resilience

10.1098/rspb.2020.2810

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Citations (6)

Mapping livestock movements in Sahelian Africa

Scientific Reports (2020)

Camille Jahel Maxime Lenormand Ismaïla Seck Andrea Apolloni Ibra Touré

In the dominant livestock systems of Sahelian countries herds have to move across territories. Their mobility is often a source of conflict with farmers in the areas crossed, and helps spread diseases such as Rift Valley Fever. Knowledge of the routes followed by herds is therefore core to guiding the implementation of preventive and control measures for transboundary animal diseases, land use planning and conflict management. However, the lack of quantitative data on livestock movements, together with the high temporal and spatial variability of herd movements, has so far hampered the production of fine resolution maps of animal movements. This paper proposes a general framework for mapping potential paths for livestock movements and identifying areas of high animal passage potential for those movements. The method consists in combining the information contained in livestock mobility networks with landscape connectivity, based on different mobility conductance layers. We illustrate our approach with a livestock mobility network in Senegal and Mauritania in the 2014 dry and wet seasons.

Rift Valley Fever

10.1038/s41598-020-65132-8

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Rift Valley Fever in Small Ruminants, Senegal, 2003

Emerging infectious diseases (2005)

Véronique Chevalier Renaud Lancelot Yaya Thiongane Baba Sall Amadou Diaïté

Abstract During the 2003 rainy season, the clinical and serologic incidence of Rift Valley fever was assessed in small ruminant herds living around temporary ponds located in the semi-arid region of the Ferlo, Senegal. No outbreak was detected by the surveillance system. Serologic incidence was estimated at 2.9% (95% confidence interval 1.0–8.7) and occurred in 5 of 7 ponds with large variations in the observed incidence rate (0%–20.3%). The location of ponds in the Ferlo Valley and small ponds were correlated with higher serologic incidence (p = 0.0005 and p = 0.005, respectively). Rift Valley fever surveillance should be improved to allow early detection of virus activity. Ruminant vaccination programs should be prepared to confront the foreseeable higher risks for future epidemics of this disease.

Rift Valley Fever

Wet season

Rift valley

10.3201/eid1111.050193

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Citations (80)

VacciCost – A tool to estimate the resource requirements for implementing livestock vaccination campaigns. Application to peste des petits ruminants (PPR) vaccination in Senegal

Preventive Veterinary Medicine (2017)

Damián Tago Baba Sall Renaud Lancelot Jennifer Pradel

Vaccination is one of the main tools currently available to control animal diseases. In eradication campaigns, vaccination plays a crucial role by reducing the number of susceptible hosts with the ultimate goal of interrupting disease transmission. Nevertheless, mass vaccination campaigns may be very expensive and in some cases unprofitable. VacciCost is a tool designed to help decision-makers in the estimation of the resources required to implement mass livestock vaccination campaigns against regulated diseases. The tool focuses on the operational or running costs of the campaign, so acquisition of new equipment or vehicles is not considered. It takes into account different types of production systems to differentiate the vaccination productivity (number of animals vaccinated per day) in systems where animals are concentrated and easy to reach, from those characterized by small herds that are scattered and less accessible. The resource requirements are classified in eight categories: vaccines, injection supplies, personnel, transport, maintenance and overhead, training, social mobilization, and surveillance and monitoring. This categorization allows identifying the most expensive components of a vaccination campaign, which is crucial to design cost-reduction strategies. The use of the tool is illustrated using data collected in collaboration with Senegalese Veterinary Services regarding vaccination against peste des petits ruminants. The average daily number of animals vaccinated per vaccination team was found to be crucial for the costs of the campaign so significant savings can be obtained by implementing training to improve the performance of vaccination teams.

Mass vaccination

Peste-des-Petits-Ruminants

10.1016/j.prevetmed.2017.05.011

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Citations (21)

Stratified Entomological Sampling in Preparation for an Area-Wide Integrated Pest Management Program: The Example of <I>Glossina palpalis gambiensis</I> (Diptera: Glossinidae) in the Niayes of Senegal

Journal of Medical Entomology (2010)

Jérémy Bouyer Momar Talla Seck Baba Sall Elhadji Youssou Ndiaye Laure Guerrini

The riverine tsetse species Glossina palpalis gambiensis Vanderplank 1949 (Diptera: Glossinidae) inhabits riparian forests along river systems in West Africa. The government of Senegal has embarked on a project to eliminate this tsetse species, and African animal trypanosomoses, from the Niayes area using an area-wide integrated pest management approach. A stratified entomological sampling strategy was therefore developed using spatial analytical tools and mathematical modeling. A preliminary phytosociological census identified eight types of suitable habitat, which could be discriminated from LandSat 7 ETM+ satellite images and denominated wet areas. At the end of March 2009, 683 unbaited Vavoua traps had been deployed, and the observed infested area in the Niayes was 525 km2. In the remaining area, a mathematical model was used to assess the risk that flies were present despite a sequence of zero catches. The analysis showed that this risk was above 0.05 in 19% of this area that will be considered as infested during the control operations. The remote sensing analysis that identified the wet areas allowed a restriction of the area to be surveyed to 4% of the total surface area (7,150 km2), whereas the mathematical model provided an efficient method to improve the accuracy and the robustness of the sampling protocol. The final size of the control area will be decided based on the entomological collection data. This entomological sampling procedure might be used for other vector or pest control scenarios.

Glossinidae

Stratified Sampling

10.1603/me09149

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Citations (53)

Animal trypanosomosis eliminated in a major livestock production region in Senegal following the eradication of a tsetse population

Parasite (2024)

Momar Talla Seck Assane Guèye Fall Mamadou Ciss Mame Thierno Bakhoum Baba Sall

African animal trypanosomosis (AAT) was one of the main disease-related constraints to the development of intensive livestock production systems in the Niayes region of Senegal, a 30 km wide strip of land along the coast between Dakar and Saint-Louis. To overcome this constraint, the Government of Senegal initiated an area-wide integrated pest management programme combining chemical control tactics with the sterile insect technique to eradicate a population of the tsetse fly Glossina palpalis gambiensis Vanderplank, 1949 (Diptera, Glossinidae) in this area. The project was implemented following a phased conditional approach, and the target area was divided into three blocks treated sequentially. This study aims to assess the temporal dynamics of the prevalence of Trypanosoma spp. during the implementation of this programme. Between 2009 and 2022, 4,359 blood samples were collected from cattle and screened for trypanosomes using both the buffy coat and ELISA techniques, and PCR tests since 2020. The seroprevalence decreased from 18.9% (95%CI: 11.2–26.5) in 2009 to 0% in 2017–2022 in block 1, and from 92.9% (95%CI: 88.2–97) in 2010 to 0% in 2021 in block 2. The parasitological and serological data confirm the entomological monitoring results, i.e. , that there is a high probability that the population of G. p. gambiensis has been eradicated from the Niayes and that the transmission of AAT has been interrupted in the treated area. These results indicate the effectiveness of the adopted approach and show that AAT can be sustainably removed through the creation of a zone free of G. p. gambiensis .

10.1051/parasite/2024010

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Citations (5)

Rift Valley fever dynamics in Senegal: a project for pro-active adaptation and improvement of livestock raising management

Geospatial health (2013)

Murielle Lafaye Baba Sall Youssou Ndiaye Cécile Vignolles Yves M. Tourre

The multi-disciplinary French project Adaptation à la Fièvre de la Vallée du Rift (AdaptFVR) has concluded a 10-year constructive interaction between many scientists/partners involved with the Rift Valley fever (RVF) dynamics in Senegal. The three targeted objectives reached were (i) to produce - in near real-time - validated risk maps for parked livestock exposed to RVF mosquitoes/vectors bites; (ii) to assess the impacts on RVF vectors from climate variability at different time-scales including climate change; and (iii) to isolate processes improving local livestock management and animal health. Based on these results, concrete, pro-active adaptive actions were taken on site, which led to the establishment of a RVF early warning system (RVFews). Bulletins were released in a timely fashion during the project, tested and validated in close collaboration with the local populations, i.e. the primary users. Among the strategic, adaptive methods developed, conducted and evaluated in terms of cost/benefit analyses are the larvicide campaigns and the coupled bio-mathematical (hydrological and entomological) model technologies, which are being transferred to the staff of the Centre de Suivi Ecologique (CSE) in Dakar during 2013. Based on the results from the AdaptFVR project, other projects with similar conceptual and modelling approaches are currently being implemented, e.g. for urban and rural malaria and dengue in the French Antilles.

Rift Valley Fever

Raising (metalworking)

10.4081/gh.2013.73

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Citations (7)