Acoustic analyses of upper airway and phonatory stability were conducted on samples of sustained phonation to evaluate the relation between laryngeal and articulomotor stability for 31 patients with dysarthria and 12 non-dysarthric control subjects. Significantly higher values were found for the variability in fundamental frequency and format frequency of patients who have Huntington's disease compared with normal subjects and patients with Parkinson's disease. No significant correlations were found between format frequency variability and the variability of the fundamental frequency for any subject group. These findings are discussed as they pertain to the relationship between phonatory and upper airway subsystems and the evaluation of vocal tract motor control impairments in dysarthria.
E023 Imaging Deep Geology Using Full Tensor Gravity Gradiometry Inversion: K-2 Deepwater Gulf of Mexico 1 Mark A. Davies 2 John O’Brien 2 Arnold Rodriguez 1 Phillip Houghton 1 Gary Barnes & 1 John Lumley 1 ARKeX Limited Newton House Cowley Road Cambridge CB4 0WZ UK 2 Anadarko Petroleum Corporation The Woodlands Houston USA A common misunderstanding in the oil industry is that Full Tensor Gravity Gradient (FTG) data is only of use when resolving shallow sections of the earth model. This paper will highlight the ability of FTG to resolve deep as well as shallow geological targets by showing
When deciding to acquire airborne gravity/gradient surveys explorationists can now choose from a variety of instrumentation i.e. conventional gravity systems or newer gravity gradient systems. Of the instrumentation available which one will meet the geological objectives? Which one is more sensitive? What impact do the different sensitivities have on geological models? This paper will look at three different airborne systems, discuss their relative sensitivities and highlight their respective impact on mining exploration.
Gary Barnes, champions the interpolative power of full tensor gradient (FTG) measurements and its key role in helping oil and gas explorations achieve a better representation of the anomaly field and a clearer picture of the subsurface.
ABSTRACT When anomalous gravity gradient signals provide a large signal‐to‐noise ratio, airborne and marine surveys can be considered with wide line spacing. In these cases, spatial resolution and sampling requirements become the limiting factors for specifying the line spacing, rather than anomaly detectability. This situation is analysed by generating known signals from a geological model and then sub‐sampling them using a simulated airborne gravity gradient survey with a line spacing much wider than the characteristic anomaly size. The data are processed using an equivalent source inversion, which is used subsequently to predict and grid the field in‐between the survey lines by means of forward calculations. Spatial and spectral error analysis is used to quantify the accuracy and resolution of the processed data and the advantages of acquiring multiple gravity gradient components are demonstrated. With measurements of the full tensor along survey lines spaced at 4 × 4 km, it is shown that the vertical gravity gradient can be reconstructed accurately over a bandwidth of 2 km with spatial root‐mean square errors less than 30%. A real airborne full‐tensor gravity gradient survey is presented to confirm the synthetic analysis in a practical situation.
The 5-year outcome study of recurrent depression by Kupfer et al1confirms the conclusion of the 1990 published 3-year outcome study by Frank et al in which they participated2that found highdose antidepressant maintenance therapy was effective in preventing recurrence. The other conclusion drawn in this 1990 article, that there was "a modest prophylac *IPT indicates interpersonal therapy. tic effect for monthly interpersonal therapy" is questionable. In that study, they attributed the differences in outcome to two factors: (1) imipramine hydrochloride (mainly) and (2) monthly interpersonal therapy (IPT) (a "modest effect"). We believe that a third factor could explain some of the results. Apart from imipramine, there were two variables, not one, that distinguished the non-IPT groups from the IPT groups: (1) lack of "maintenance IPT" and (2) severance of the relationship with the interpersonal therapist. This is a situation of loss that could cause depression, not because
Normalising flows is a novel generative neural network model, which can be applied to Bayesian parameter inference. When gravity inversion is reformulated as a probabilistic inference problem, stable results can be obtained that naturally incorporate the inherent uncertainties and noise from the source background and the instrument. As opposed to some standard methods, Bayesian gravity inversion does not default to a single solution in an ill-posed problem, but informs the user about all possibilities that are consistent with the gravimetry survey of interest. It has been demonstrated that the normalising flow method can provide accurate results for a simulated data set, even when applied to high-dimensional data. Once the network is trained, the results can be obtained within seconds and it can be reused, without retraining, for multiple gravimetry surveys that are consistent with the training data set. Here, improvements on the previous work are presented, where the method is applied to a more realistic and complex geophysical problem; the inversion of gravity measurements to infer parameters of geophysical faults. The normalising flow network is trained and tested for fault models with various complexities, and finally the method is applied to the inversion of airborne gravimetry data.   
ABSTRACT In airborne gravity gradiometry, the Gravity Module Assembly is an optional gravimeter unit that is mounted on the same stabilized platform as the Full Tensor Gradiometer. Direct measurements of the gravity field are needed from this device to constrain the long wavelengths when gradient data are integrated mathematically to form high‐resolution gravity fields. The Gravity Module Assembly is, however, capable of providing independent gravity data with a specification approaching that expected from a dedicated airborne gravity system. Presented here is an error analysis of data from this instrument collected alongside the Full Tensor Gradiometer during an airborne survey. By having both gradiometry and gravity datasets, comparisons of the information content in these two types of measurement are made.
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