This paper presents the design and optimisation of three types of high Quality (Q) factor air suspended inductors (symmetric (a), symmetric (b) and circular), using micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) technology, for 10GHz to 20GHz frequency band. The geometrical parameters of inductor topology, such as outer diameter, the width of metal traces, the thickness of the metal and the air gap, are used as design variables and their effects on the Q-factor and inductance are thoroughly analysed. The inductor has been designed on high resistivity Silicon-on-Sapphire (SOS) substrate in order to reduce the substrate loss and improve the Q factor. Results indicate that the proposed inductor topology (symmetric (a)) has highest Q-factor with peak Q-factor of 192 at 12GHz for a 1.13nH inductance.
The aim of the work was to prepare co-crystals of irbesartan (IBS), a BCS Class II drug to enhance its aqueous solubility and bioavailability. The solvent evaporation method was used to prepare co-crystals by using different co-formers and varying the drug to co-former molar ratios. Succinic acid and benzoic acid co-crystals were formed with good physicochemical properties. The solid-state characterization of co-crystals was studied by FTIR, DSC, and XRD. The co-crystals were evaluated for the saturation solubility and dissolution studies. There was a 2-fold increase in the aqueous solubility and 4-8 fold increase in dissolution rate of co-crystals. Solid state characterizations indicated there was no change in the chemical nature of the co-crystals compared to pure drug. Presence of crystalline co-former induced crystallinity to the developed co-crystals. Thus, developed co-crystals were found to be a suitable alternative to increase the solubility and dissolution rate of IBS.
This paper presents design and optimisation of SOS and MEMS inductors and compares their performance using a VCO as testbench. The paper presents the detailed analysis of effects of physical parameters of inductor structure on the Q factor and inductance in both the cases. Results showed that the 1.5nH SOS inductor achieved Q factor of 111 and MEMS inductor achieved Q factor of 45 at 4GHz frequency. Comparison of VCOs designed using these inductors show that VCO with SOS inductor achieved more than 10dBc/Hz reduction in phase noise and consumes half the power consumption compared to the VCO with MEMS inductor.
Functional, esthetic and endodontic restoration of a pulpally involved permanent incisor with root dilaceration often presents a daunting clinical challenge.The outcome of conventional treatment modalities like surgical removal of the tooth followed by orthodontic closure of the space is time consuming and esthetically compromising.Even the prosthetic and implantalogical rehabilitation after extraction is not possible until the patient reaches certain age; while the compliance is a problem with the use of removable partial denture in young children.Autoalloplastic anterior tooth transplantation can lead to physical and psychological trauma in a young individual.Thus endo-esthetic management of such teeth helps in maintaining both morphology and esthetics in a growing child until the permanent long lasting prosthetic solution is sought after the complete development of the dentition and jaws.This treatment option for a pulpally involved permanent incisor with root dilaceration involves completing the endodontic treatment in a partially calcified and aberrantly located root canal followed by the use of light transmitting fiber post and core build up using composite resin.
Abstract Coronavirus Disease-2019 tests require a Nasopharyngeal (NP) and/or Oropharyngeal (OP) specimen from the upper airway, from which virus RNA is extracted and detected through quantitative reverse transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR). The viability of the virus is maintained after collection by storing the NP/OP swabs in Viral Transport Media (VTM). We evaluated the performance of four transport media: locally manufactured (“REVITAL”) Viral Transport Media (RVTM), Standard Universal Transport Media (SUTM), PBS and 0.9% (w/v) NaCl (normal saline). We used laboratory cultured virus to evaluate: i) viral recovery and maintaining integrity at different time periods and temperatures; ii) stability in yielding detectable RNA consistently for all time points and conditions; and iii) their overall accuracy. Four vials of SARS-CoV-2 cultured virus (2 high and 2 low concentration samples) and 1 negative control sample were prepared for each media type (SUTM, RVTM, PBS and normal saline) and stored at the following temperatures, -80°C, 4°C, room temperature (25°C) and 37°C for 7 days. Viral Ribonucleic acid (RNA) extractions and qRT-PCR were done on the following days after inoculation with the cultured virus, days 1, 2, 3, 4 and 7 to assess virus stability and viral recovery. C T values fell over time at room temperature, but normal saline, PBS, RVTM and SUTM all showed comparable performance in maintaining virus integrity and stability allowing for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA. Overall, this study demonstrated that normal saline, PBS and the locally manufactured VTM can be used for COVID-19 sample collection and testing, thus expanding the range of SARS-CoV-2 viral collection media.
Dental implant materials play a pivotal role in the success of restorative dentistry. This study comprehensively compares the mechanical and esthetic properties of three commonly used dental implant materials: titanium, zirconia, and ceramic.
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