Artificial intelligence (AI) can improve every aspect of healthcare system such as clinical decision-making, health services management, patient data, predictive medicine, and diagnostics. Despite AI models achieving performance comparable to humans, their application is restricted due to the perception of them being inscrutable black boxes. The main reason they are not widely used, especially in healthcare, is that many people do not trust these models. Therefore, the introduction of explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) serves as a strategy to boost confidence in a model's predictions. This is achieved through a clear explanation of the prediction process, thereby fostering the acceptance of AI systems in the healthcare domain. In this chapter, our objective is to highlight the areas within healthcare and medical science where XAI is currently applied. Additionally, we will identify and emphasize the areas that require more attention and exploration in the context of XAI.
Compressive strength of rocks is the most common parameter used in the stone engineering.In conventional engineering calculations and analyzes, rock is often considered as a linear elastic, homogeneous and isotropic material.While some of the rocks often show a particular physical and mechanical behavior that cannot be ignored in the accurate and complete solution of their behavior.A well-known behavior of such rocks that is revealed in many practical works is their anisotropic physical and mechanical behavior.Engineering activities such as construction of the underground structures including tunnels, open pit mines, dam foundations and, most importantly, evaluation of rock slopes requires accurate knowledge of the site and the physical and mechanical properties of the rocks which will be faced during the operation as well as determination of the tectonic conditions.Before any engineering operation, specific studies on the rock materials in the site should be done in accordance with the scope of the study.[5] There have been several basic expansions in rock Abstract: A general condition for the strength standard of regular jointed rocks is obtained in this article.The procedure is depend on the performance of the homogenization procedure of periodic media within the framework of the yield plan principles.A rigorous explicit statement of the macroscopic standard is given as a sunordinate of the strongest features of the virgin rock and of the joints shaped as ports.Consideration is concentrated on the special case of an endlessly persistence entire rock.It is displayed in specific how the related velocity jumps for the homogenized medium can be determined from the presentation of the set of permissible stress vectors acting upon an elementary surface.This contains issues such as the significations of the intermittent nature of rock masses, extent states and failure modalities, strength standard, characteristic quantities and partial components for rock mass components, rock mass features, use of classification systems in plan, among the most significant issues.Anisotropy in the physical and mechanical behavior of the rocks is an effective parameter in determination of their engineering characteristics.The sedimentary and metamorphic rocks show anisotropic behavior due to higher lamination, bedding and flakiness.In this paper, the anisotropic behavior of clay rocks such as shale has been investigated.These types of rocks arise a lot of problems for engineers in designing the associated structures.The most important characteristic of this type of rocks is that they are composed of ultra-fine clay and silt particles.The discontinuities, fissures, and bedding layers and lamination in the shale masses change the mechanical characteristics and anisotropic behavior of these rock masses against the applied forces.Here, the anisotropic behavior of these types of rocks and the effect of different parameters and changes due to anisotropy are discussed.
Many-body localization (MBL) is a novel prototype of ergodicity breaking due to the emergence of local integrals of motion (LIOMs) in a disordered interacting quantum system. To better understand the role played by the existence of such macroscopically LIOMs, we explore and study some of their structural properties across the MBL transition. We first, consider a one-dimensional XXZ spin chain in a disordered magnetic field and introduce and implement a non-perturbative, fast, and accurate method of constructing LIOMs. In contrast to already existing methods, our scheme allows obtaining LIOMs not only in the deep MBL phase but rather, near the transition point too. Then, we take the matrix representation of LIOM operators as an adjacency matrix of a directed graph whose elements describe the connectivity of ordered eigenbasis in the Hilbert-space. Our cluster size analysis for this graph shows that the MBL transition coincides with a percolation transition in the Hilbert-space. By performing finite-size scaling, we compare the critical disorder and correlation exponent $\nu$ both in the presence and absence of interaction. Finally, we also discuss how the distribution of diagonal elements of LIOM operators in a typical cluster signals the transition.
Abstract In this study, a novel approach has been utilized to explore the room temperature thermoelectric 
properties of zigzag phosphorene nanoribbon-based monolayer-bilayer-monolayer junctions. 
To achieve thermoelectric properties at room temperature, a quasi-flat energy band with limited 
width is required. It has been demonstrated, for the first time, that such bands can be observed 
by considering a junction of the monolayer and bilayer phosphorene nanoribbons. 
By adjusting the ribbon widths, quasi-flat bands are produced. This geometrical problem is solved 
using analytical calculations for a general system and applied to phosphorene. 
We show that the edge states of phosphorene resemble a one-dimensional tight-binding system, 
with a close agreement between their results. Using the introduced approach, 
we calculate the electronic energy band structure of the specified system. Initially, we demonstrate that 
the formation of zigzag monolayer-bilayer-monolayer junctions can lead to the emergence of quasi-flat 
impurity bands within the energy bandgap. Furthermore, we show that utilizing these structures at 
room temperature, across a wide range of lead temperature differences, results in significant output 
electrical power and improved thermoelectric efficiency. The electrical power and thermoelectric efficiency 
are examined as functions of applied bias voltage and average chemical potential. Additionally,
 we explore how the output electrical power, thermoelectric efficiency, and efficiency at maximum 
 power vary with the temperature difference between the leads at the ends of the structure.
In this article we investigate the Casimir effect in the presence of a medium by quantizing the Electromagnetic (EM) field in the presence of a magnetodielectric medium by using the path integral formalism. For a given medium with definite electric and magnetic susceptibilities, explicit expressions for the Casimir force are obtained which are in agree with the original Casimir force between two conducting parallel plates immersed in the quantum electromagnetic vacuum.
We have studied a 5-terminal system consisting of three single level quantum dots (QDs) that are in contact with their respective reservoirs. In addition to the intra-dot Coulomb interaction, the electron in the dot affected by an inter-dot Coulomb repulsion from its adjacent QD. We describe this system by an Anderson type model Hamiltonian and apply the Greens function method to study the transport properties of the system. Since we are interested in temperatures higher than the Kondo temperature, we use the equations of motion technique to calculate Green's functions. Numerical analysis shows that there is a correlation between the transport characteristics of the lower and upper dot and we can change the conductivity of the lower dot only by varying the parameters of the upper dot and vice versa. We demonstrated that the middle dot play the role of the switch on/off of this correlation. Also, we investigated the effect of thermoelectric properties. We found that the inter-dot Coulomb interaction can improve the thermoelectric performance of the system.
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