In the sea partically covered by ice, ice pieces are swaied by waves propagating from the open sea area, and hit the structures with the speed of order of wave motion. To evaluate this impact ice force, the experiments were performed using plastic plate instead of real ice to examine the followings. 1) Wave attenuation under the ice cover. 2) Wave velocity under the ice cover. 3) Transportation of ice pieces caused by wave propagetion.
The corallanid isopod Tachaea chinensis Thielemann, 1910 is a parasite attached on the carapace of freshwater shrimps and prawns. The isopod is reported from Palaemon paucidens De Haan, 1884 (Palaemonidae) at two localities in Kagawa Prefecture (Shikoku) and two localities in Shimane Prefecture (western Honshu), and from Neocaridina sp. (Atyidae) at one locality in Shimane Prefecture, Japan. This represents the first record of T. chinensis from Shikoku. The species is briefly described and illustrated based on non-ovigerous females. Prevalence of T. chinensis in populations of P. paucidens and Neocaridina sp. ranged from 10.7–57.1%, and the intensity of infestation was almost constantly one, which indicates its intra-specific competition on the host carapace. Palaemon paucidens is considered as a preferred host of T. chinensis in Honshu and Shikoku, Japan. Based on the literature published between 1910 and 2018 including this paper, T. chinensis has been reported from 14 nominal and some unidentified species of shrimps and prawns belonging to three atyid genera (Caridina, Neocaridina, and Paratya), two palaemonid genera (Macrobrachium and Palaemon), and one penaeid genus (Penaeus), ranging from temperate (Honshu, Shikoku, and Kyushu in Japan, and central-eastern China) through subtropical (Okinawa in Japan, and Hong Kong in southeastern China) to tropical (Hainan in southeastern China, Vietnam, Thailand, and Malaysia) regions in East Asia.
Canopy height is a factor to evaluate the above-ground biomass of a forest area by remote sensing techniques. Measurements of canopy height from space progress to understand the carbon budget. JAXA has studied a space-borne vegetation lidar (the Multi-footprint Observation Lidar and Imager :MOLI) that observes canopy height on the new exposed facility of the Japanese Experiment Module (JEM), the IVA-replaceable Small Exposed Experiment Platform (i-SEEP) on the International Space Station (ISS). The MOLI will be the first space lidar for earth environmental observation in Japan; a high-energy pulsed laser with a long operational life is key to the operation of the MOLI mission. The concepts underlying the MOLI and vacuum test of functional model of pulsed laser transmitter will be discussed herein.
NAGAMOTO, N., SAITO Y., IMAI, T., SUDA, H., TAKAHASHI, S., USUDA, K., KANMA, K., SAGAWA, M., OHTA, S., SATO, M., NAKADA, T., SATO, H. and HASHIMOTO, K. Histogenesis and Characterization of Minimal Bronchogenic Carcinoma Observed in Heavy Smokers. Tohoku J. exp. Med., 1987, 153 (3), 265-284 - The present article describes the results of observations of 11 lesions in 8 cases of roentgenographically occult in situ or microinvasive squamous cell carcinoma with a size of 4×4mm or less which were detected by detailed histologic investigations of 59 cases of occult bronchogenic carcinoma. The 59 cases were discovered mainly by mass screening for the detection of early lung cancers using chest x-ray combining sputum cytology for heavy smokers. The resected specimens were processed with the method of serial block sectioning. All the serial blocks of these minimal carcinomas were observed in detail to confirm the presence or absence of carcinoma and of morphological changes of the bronchial epithelium contiguous to carcinoma. Adjacent to carcinoma, there were normal bronchial epithelium in three lesions, squamous metaplasia with marked atypia in four, basal cell hyperplasia in two, and markedly atypical basal cells without hyperplasia in two. An inference on histogenesis of bronchogenic squamous cell carcinoma was drawn from the detailed observations as follows: (1) A carcinoma develops in the area of squamous metaplasia with marked atypic; (2) A carcinoma arises from markedly atypical basal cells with or without prior hyperplasia. Even in such small-sized carcinomas, there is a difference in type of invasion within the bronchial wall. One is the creeping type which shows a marked horizontal growth and the other is the penetrating type which shows a marked downward growth.
The Advanced Land Observing Satellite (ALOS) "Daichi," launched in January 2006, has been operating successfully on orbit for four and a half years. In that time it has delivered a very large number of high-resolution images and has contributed to making basic maps, updating maps, gathering information on natural resources, and disaster management support in a variety of fields. The Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) has been planning a satellite system for the ALOS follow-on program. The ALOS follow-on program consists of two satellites: one is a radar satellite called ALOS-2, the other is an optical satellite called ALOS-3. ALOS-3 carries an optical imager with more enhanced capabilities than those of the Panchromatic Remote-sensing Instrument for Stereo Mapping (PRISM) aboard ALOS. ALOS-3 will produce a precise basic map with its systematic observation to be used in the Geographical Information System (GIS). ALOS-3 will also promptly provide precise postdisaster images to detect damaged areas through emergency observations when disasters occur. JAXA has been defining system requirements for the spacecraft and the mission instrument of ALOS-3, as well as conducting the conceptual design. This paper introduces the latest design, the mission concept, and the current status of ALOS-3.
