Journal Article Rapid diagnosis and determination of duration of viraemia in dengue fever using a reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction Get access J.L. Brown, J.L. Brown * 1Unit of Infection and Tropical Medicine, St Mary's Hospital Medical School, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, Northwick Park Hospital, Harrow, HA1 3UJ, UK *Author for correspondence. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar R. Wilkinson, R. Wilkinson 1Unit of Infection and Tropical Medicine, St Mary's Hospital Medical School, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, Northwick Park Hospital, Harrow, HA1 3UJ, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar R.N. Davidson, R.N. Davidson 1Unit of Infection and Tropical Medicine, St Mary's Hospital Medical School, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, Northwick Park Hospital, Harrow, HA1 3UJ, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar R. Wall, R. Wall 1Unit of Infection and Tropical Medicine, St Mary's Hospital Medical School, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, Northwick Park Hospital, Harrow, HA1 3UJ, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar G. Lloyd, G. Lloyd 2Diagnosis Group, Centre of Applied Microbiology and Research, Salisbury, Wiltshire, SP4 OJG, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar J. Howells, J. Howells 2Diagnosis Group, Centre of Applied Microbiology and Research, Salisbury, Wiltshire, SP4 OJG, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar G. Pasvol G. Pasvol 1Unit of Infection and Tropical Medicine, St Mary's Hospital Medical School, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, Northwick Park Hospital, Harrow, HA1 3UJ, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, Volume 90, Issue 2, March 1996, Pages 140–143, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0035-9203(96)90115-7 Published: 01 March 1996 Article history Received: 25 July 1994 Revision received: 03 October 1995 Accepted: 03 October 1995 Published: 01 March 1996
Swyer-James-MacLeod syndrome is a rare, complex disease characterized by the radiological finding of unilateral hyperlucent lung due to pulmonary oligaemia and alveolar hyperdistention as a consequence of previous obliterative bronchiolitis (bronchiolitis obliterans). Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a chronic, progressive, fibrosing interstitial pneumonia of unknown cause characterized by bilateral, chronic, progressive and irreversible fibrosis limited to the lungs. We report an interesting case of Swyer-James-MacLeod syndrome affecting one lung and Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis affecting the contralateral lung.
Background COPD is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in populations eligible for lung cancer screening. We investigated the role of spirometry in a community-based lung cancer screening programme. Methods Ever smokers, age 55–74, resident in three deprived areas of Manchester were invited to a ‘Lung Health Check’ (LHC) based in convenient community locations. Spirometry was incorporated into the LHCs alongside lung cancer risk estimation (Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian Study Risk Prediction Model, 2012 version (PLCO M2012 )), symptom assessment and smoking cessation advice. Those at high risk of lung cancer (PLCO M2012 ≥1.51%) were eligible for annual low-dose CT screening over two screening rounds. Airflow obstruction was defined as FEV 1 /FVC<0.7. Primary care databases were searched for any prior diagnosis of COPD. Results 99.4% (n=2525) of LHC attendees successfully performed spirometry; mean age was 64.1±5.5, 51% were women, 35% were current smokers. 37.4% (n=944) had airflow obstruction of which 49.7% (n=469) had no previous diagnosis of COPD. 53.3% of those without a prior diagnosis were symptomatic (n=250/469). After multivariate analysis, the detection of airflow obstruction without a prior COPD diagnosis was associated with male sex ( adj OR 1.84, 95% CI 1.37 to 2.47; p<0.0001), younger age (p=0.015), lower smoking duration (p<0.0001), fewer cigarettes per day (p=0.035), higher FEV 1 /FVC ratio (<0.0001) and being asymptomatic ( adj OR 4.19, 95% CI 2.95 to 5.95; p<0.0001). The likelihood of screen detected lung cancer was significantly greater in those with evidence of airflow obstruction who had a previous diagnosis of COPD ( adj OR 2.80, 95% CI 1.60 to 8.42; p=0.002). Conclusions Incorporating spirometry into a community-based targeted lung cancer screening programme is feasible and identifies a significant number of individuals with airflow obstruction who do not have a prior diagnosis of COPD.
We present the case of a colobronchial fistula in a 41-year-old man who underwent radiotherapy for nephroblastoma as an infant. He attended for barium enema, which demonstrated a fistula between colon and bronchial tree. Following right hemicolectomy and pathological examination of the resected bowel, no active disease process was identified to explain the development of this rare fistula. Radiotherapy was deemed the most probable aetiology. We are unaware of this having been previously described.
It has been suggested that breathing circuits contaminated with body fluids may provide a route of nosocomial patient-to-patient transmission of the hepatitis C virus. Thus, a number of authorities have recommended the use of breathing circuit filters to minimize such risks. The present study sought to simulate a humidified breathing circuit and evaluate two different designs of breathing circuit filters to determine their efficacy in preventing passage of the hepatitis C virus. A hydrophobic pleated-membrane filter consistently prevented the passage of hepatitis C virus while a large-pore “electret” filter design was ineffective. We conclude that not all filter types are equally suited to preventing the passage of viruses and we therefore consider it essential that, if filters are intended to prevent the passage of named pathogens in a humidified breathing circuit, they should be evaluated in a similar experimental system to that described in order to prove their efficacy.
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