The synthetic flavonoid EMD-49209 is a potent inhibitor of the in vivo and in vitro binding of thyroxine (T 4 ) to transthyretin (TTR). We studied the distribution of 125 I-labeled EMD-49209 in maternal tissues, intestinal contents, and fetal tissues in rats that were 20 days pregnant (from 1 to 24 h after intravenous injection). The percent dose of EMD decreased quickly with time. In maternal brain no radioactive flavonoid could be detected. EMD was excreted very rapidly from the intestines. In the fetal compartment the percent dose of EMD increased with time; after 24 h it contained 17% of the EMD. The flavonoid was found in all fetal tissues investigated and also in the fetal brain. Because TTR concentrations are high in the fetal rat, especially in the brain, the transfer of flavonoid to the fetal brain might be linked to TTR expression. The presence of flavonoid in the fetal brain raises the possibility of an essential interference of flavonoids with the availablity of T 4 in the fetal compartment.

Compartment (ship)

10.1152/ajpendo.1998.274.2.e253

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Inadequate iodine nutrition of pregnant women from Extremadura (Spain)

European Journal of Endocrinology (2008)

Javier Sánchez Vega Francisco Escobar del Rey Humberto Fariñas Gabriella Morreale de Escobar

To evaluate the iodine nutrition of the pregnant women of the Spanish Autonomous Community Extremadura. There are approximately 10,000 births per year in Extremadura, which historically contains areas with endemic goiter (Las Hurdes).Population study in which a representative sample of pregnant women of the general population was analyzed, along with another sample of pregnant women from traditionally goitrogenic areas. With the collaboration of selected health centers, an additional sample of blood and urine was obtained within the primary health care pregnancy-monitoring program; these samples were sent to a single central laboratory.Biochemistry: determination of iodine and creatinine in urine, and serum concentrations of thyroxine, free thyroxine, tri-iodothyronine, TSH, thyroglobulin, and two anti-thyroid antibodies. Each parameter was measured by means of a single specific RIA.Changes between the first trimester and later stages of pregnancy of all biochemical variables studied corresponded with those described for other European areas with a comparable iodine nutrition. Using the urinary iodine concentration value as an indicator of iodine ingestion, it was found that in the first trimester of pregnancy six out of ten women from Extremadura ingested less than the currently recommended amount (250 microg I/day), and approximately three out of ten of these women ingested less than half of this amount.It is imperative to implement in all Extremadura the generalized and controlled use of complements that contain 200-250 microg I/day throughout pregnancy and, if possible, before.

Thyroglobulin

10.1530/eje-08-0309

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