Marc Chillet

Institut Agro Montpellier

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Luc De Lapeyre de Bellaire

Fonctionnement écologique et gestion durable des agrosystèmes bananiers et ananas

Olivier Hubert

Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement

Didier Mbéguié‐A‐Mbéguié

Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement

Luc De Lapeyre

Université de Montpellier

Bernard Fils‐Lycaon

UMR QualiSud

Jérôme Minier

Institut Agro Montpellier

Mathieu Léchaudel

Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement

Jean‐Christophe Meile

Institut Agro Montpellier

Christophe Bugaud

UMR QualiSud

Yolande Chilin-Charles

Stellenbosch University

Cooperative Institutions

Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement

Université de Montpellier

Institut Agro Montpellier

Agropolis International

UMR QualiSud

Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement

Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse

L'Institut Agro

Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes

Institut de Recherche pour le Développement

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Premiers tests d'optimisation des conditions de croissance des bananes sous gaines

Magalie Jannoyer Marc Chillet

La gaine Katryx, concue par la societe Plastibana, en Guadeloupe, permet aux regimes de bananes de se developper sous des conditions de rayonnement et de temperature optimales. Les resultats d'experimentations montrent l'efficacite de cette nouvelle gaine par rapport a la gaine bleue classique sur la croissance et la qualite des fruits

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Coumaroylquinic and chlorogenic acids as markers of the pineapple fruitlet core rot disease

Bastien Barral Marc Chillet Mathieu Léchaudel Raphaël Lugan Sabine Schorr‐Galindo

Black spot disease is the major postharvest disease affecting Victoria ('Queen') pineapple in Reunion Island. Fusarium ananatum , the main causal agent of black spot was inoculated in 'MD2' and Victoria ('Queen'), a resistant and a susceptible cultivar respectively. A metabolomics approach, of healthy and inoculated fruitlets allows us to determine which putative metabolites are involved in the black spot disease. The phenolic compounds seemed to be determining markers of black spot. Based on those results, we conducted follow ‐ up work on evolution of black spot disease with a focus on phenolic compounds. Coumaroylquinic and chlorogenic acids increased drastically in the infected fruitlets in both cultivars post ‐ inoculation. Hydroxycinnamic acid increased more rapidly in 'MD2' than in Victoria ('Queen') cultivar. 'MD2' infected fruitlets reached higher levels in hydroxycinnamic acids in a shorter period than Victoria ('Queen') cultivar. In healthy fruits of 'MD2', coumaroylquinic acid and hydroxybenzoic acids are produce naturally as the fruit matures. These compounds are known to play a major role in the plant disease resistance. (Resume d'auteur)

Black spot

Chlorogenic Acid

Hydroxybenzoic acid

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Relation between banana fruit (Musa spp 'AAA' group cv 'Cavendish Grande Naine') weight at harvest and pulp cell number

Alexandra Jullien Marc Chillet Éric Malézieux Bertrand Ney

Banana fruit weight and size are important criteria for banana growers as they determine yield and sell prices. Within-bunch variability in fruit weight was recently shown to be related to a difference in pulp cell number (PCN) at the end of cell divisions (350 degree-day (dd) after inflorescence emergence). However, it is likely that both source activity and sink size determine fruit weight and size. Two hypotheses are tested. (i) source/sink ratio modifications during cell division phase influence PCN and thus pulp dry weight (PDW) at harvest, (ii) PCN mostly determines fruit length while cell filling rate mostly determines fruit diameter. (Resume d'auteur)

Sink (geography)

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Défauts de qualité de la banane au champ, lors du conditionnement, après transport

Fruitrop (Ed. Française) (2012)

Luc De Lapeyre Marc Chillet Marie José Rives

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New Bacterial Agents to Limit <i>Colletotrichum gloeosporioides</i> Development on Mango

Advances in Microbiology (2020)

Ahmed Taïbi Jean‐Christophe Meile Hugo Dieudonné Lisé Korsten Marc Chillet

Mango anthracnose disease forms typical irregular-shaped black necrotic spots on the fruit peel of mature fruit and is caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. In order to improve the disease control with a limited use of fungicides, new microbial agents able to limit the growth of the pathogen were searched in the indigenous natural flora of mango surface. In order to find a suitable biocontrol agent, a screening was applied to 305 epiphytic bacteria isolated from the carposphere of 17 mango cultivars sampled from eight locations on Reunion Island. The screening approach involved a first step based on the ability of the isolates to form a biofilm, to grow under fruit storage conditions, and to interfere with the development of C. gloeosporioides. In a second step, the capability of selected isolates to limit C. gloeosporioides in vitro mycelial growth and conidia germination was assessed and species identified. The most effective bacteria belonged to the Enterobacter, Pantoea, Kosakonia and Leuconostoc genera, but for some of them, their safe use has to be demonstrated. Efficacy in vivo, performed on wounded mature mango fruit, was limited, probably because of the wounding inoculation strategy favoring the pathogen. Future biocontrol treatments should focus on preharvest applications to enhance the protective benefit.

Preharvest

Colletotrichum

Antibiosis

Black spot

10.4236/aim.2020.1012050

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Alternatives to chemical control for anthracnose in Guadeloupe

Biocontrol News and Information (2000)

Luc De Lapeyre de Bellaire Marc Chillet

Anthracnose of bananas, caused by #Colletotrichum musae#, is the most important postharvest disease affecting the quality of exported fruits from the French West Indies. This disease develops during fruit conservation and ripening and it depreciates the fruit marketability. Anthracnose is in practice controlled by a postharvest fungicide. However, under Guadeloupe conditions, this chemical control has now reached deadlock for three main reasons : (a) aerial fungicidal sprays to control Sigatoka disease have resulted in the appearance of strains resistant to the active ingredients used for anthracnose postharvest control; (b) fungicidal tratments are not effective in all production zones, quite apart from the appearance of resistance; (c) consumer demand is for a reduction in pesticide use, especially those applied postharvest. So, there is a need for new control strategies, and these could be developed from a better knowledge of the bioecology of the pathogens

Tropical fruit

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Cultivar banano de tipo cavendish de exportacion sin control quimico de la Sigatoka Negra

HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe) (2014)

Claire Guillermet Éric Fouré Marc Dorel Catherine Abadie Marc Chillet

Black Leaf Streak Disease (BLSD), caused by the fungal pathogen Mycosphaerella fijiensis, is the most important foliar disease affecting banana production worldwide, reducing fruit weight and fruit aptitude for conservation. With growing concerns about environmental preservation and stricter legislation, alternatives to chemical control for BLSD are an important challenge, especially in the French West Indies. These new approaches include various agronomical practices that could help reducing disease development, and its impact on bunch weight and fruit conservation. Designing new cropping systems without fungicide control of BLSD implies an integrated strategy and a combination of these practices. To understand better the relationships between leaf spots diseases and fruit conservation, Cavendish bananas were grown in different situations in Cameroon, Guadeloupe and Brazil. These experiments showed that a signal from diseased leaves triggers a direct reduction in banana green life duration, and that this signal might be stopped through the elimination of diseased leaves. Lately, a new prototype of cropping system has been evaluated in ecological conditions unfavorable to BLSD (in Dominican Republic), combining practices that would control disease cycle and the reduction of crop losses. In such conditions, even if bananas were harvested with a very low leaf surface, green life of the fruit proved to be acceptable for export, thanks to an adequate and regular pruning of the infected leaves. This result questions the usual threshold of 4 to 5 leaves required at harvest time for bunches as acceptable for exportation. However, variable losses (10-15%) in fruit weight were observed. This prototype should be now evaluated in epidemiological situations more favorable to disease development. New practices might also be associated in these conditions, like the introduction of biodiversity (mixtures of species) or the use of plant defense stimulators. (Resume d'auteur)

Mycosphaerella

Phytosanitary certification

Pruning

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Effects of maturity level, steam treatment, or active packaging to maintain the quality of minimally processed mango ( Mangifera indica cv. José)

Journal of Food Processing and Preservation (2021)

Charlène Leneveu‐Jenvrin Annalisa Apicella Kelly D. Bradley Jean‐Christophe Meile Marc Chillet

The shelf-life of minimally processed José mango is primarily limited by browning during refrigerated storage. Three approaches were assayed to increase product shelf-life. Processing fruit sampled at an earlier ripening stage reduced browning during storage but fruit remained acidic. Steam treatment at 60°C for 3 min reduced polyphenol oxidase activity by 72%, and microbial population remained below 2.5 log CFU/g after 10 days of storage. However, the visual aspect of steam-treated mango pieces turned to dully green. Lastly, different multilayer film configurations containing an oxygen scavenger were tested. Two films, having a thickness of the active layer of 40 µm, limited color change by 32%–36% and hardness decrease of mango cuts after 7 days of storage at 4°C. Both active and passive layers of films contribute to maintain fruit quality. The use of active packaging was promising but requires further examination and possibly combination with other physical or chemical treatments. Novelty impact statement A short steam treatment partly inactivates PPO and increases microbiological quality but failed to maintain fruit color during storage. On the opposite, active packaging with oxygen scavenger limits browning and hardness loss during storage. Active and passive layers of films both play a role in maintaining fruit quality.

Browning

Mangifera

Active packaging

Active oxygen

TBARS

10.1111/jfpp.15600

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L'anthracnose des bananes aux Antilles françaises : la contamination des fruits

Luc De Lapeyre Marc Chillet

L'amelioration de la qualite des bananes, condition de survie economique pour les producteurs antillais, passe par une meilleure maitrise de la lutte contre l'anthracnose. Colletotrichum musae, l'agent responsable de cette maladie, provoque des pourritures brunes sur les fruits au cours de la conservation et du murissage. Les conidies de ce champignon, principalement vehiculees par les eaux de pluie, contaminent les fruits essentiellement au champ. Un systeme de piegeage de spores a ete utilise de la floraison a la recolte, ce qui a permis de demontrer que la contamination des fruits se faisait preferentiellement entre 20 et 35 jours apres l'emergence du regime. Le niveau de contamination des fruits est dependant des conditions climatiques durant cette periode critique : elles peuvent avoir un effet a la fois sur la sporulation du champignon sur les organes source d'inoculum, mais aussi sur la liberation des spores par les eaux de pluie

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Evidence of the effects of Mycosphaerella leaf spot diseases on fruit quality

Catherine Abadie Olivier Hubert Josué Ngando Essoh Otto G. Ngoh Didier Mbéguié‐A‐Mbéguié

Mycosphaerella leaf spot diseases Sigatoka disease (SD) and Black leaf streak disease (BLSD) are considered as the most severe diseases of bananas for the export market. Serious infestations can lead to a substantial reduction in the leaf area and thus to fruit yield losses. In addition, these diseases were found to have an impact on fruit quality, especially on ripening earliness, which causes some production losses for exported bananas. To assess the effects of these 2 diseases on the bananas quality (especially its physiological stage), plantation surveys and experiments were conducted in Guadeloupe (F WI) for SD and in Cameroon for BLSD. Bananas quality was characterised, on bananas harvested at a constant physiological stage evaluated in thermal time (temperature sums at 900 degrees day) from flowering to harvest, by its greenlife (duration of preclimacteric period) and by few physico-chemical (grade, weight). Diseases severity was measured either at flowering (for SD) or at harvest (for BLSD). Results of surveys revealed that bananas harvested on plants severely affected with SD or BLSD had similar diameter growth, but a shorter greenlife (GL) than bananas harvested from uninfected or lightly infected plants. A strong correlation was obtained between disease severity and fruit greenlife. All these results indicate clearly the direct effect of MLSD of banana greenlife rather than a trophic effect. The putative physiological mechanisms involved are also discussed. (Resume d'auteur)

Mycosphaerella

Musaceae

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