B K Girdhar

National JALMA Institute for Leprosy & Other Mycobacterial Diseases

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A Girdhar

Sri Devaraj Urs Academy of Higher Education and Research

Utpal Sengupta

TLM Shahdara Hospital

Malaviya Gn

National JALMA Institute for Leprosy & Other Mycobacterial Diseases

Om Parkash

Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research

K V Desikan

Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences

Anita Girdhar

National JALMA Institute for Leprosy & Other Mycobacterial Diseases

Anil Kumar

Armed Forces Medical College

Sreevatsa

National JALMA Institute for Leprosy & Other Mycobacterial Diseases

K Venkatesan

SRM Institute of Science and Technology

R.B. Narayanan

Anna University, Chennai

Cooperative Institutions

National JALMA Institute for Leprosy & Other Mycobacterial Diseases

Indian Council of Medical Research

All India Institute of Medical Sciences

London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine

Sarojini Naidu Medical College

All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhopal

Institute of Medical Sciences

Ministry of Health and Family Welfare

Central Drug Research Institute

Dr. Bhim Rao Ambedkar University

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Analysis of Antigens ofMycobacterium lepraeby Interaction to Sera IgG, IgM, and IgA Response to Improve Diagnosis of Leprosy

BioMed Research International (2014)

Avnish Kumar Om Parkash B K Girdhar

Till 2010, several countries have declared less than one leprosy patient among population of 10,000 and themselves feeling as eliminated from leprosy cases. However, new leprosy cases are still appearing from all these countries. In this situation one has to be confident to diagnose leprosy. This review paper highlighted already explored antigens for diagnosis purposes and finally suggested better combinations of protein antigens of M. leprae versus immunoglobulin as detector antibody to be useful for leprosy diagnosis.

Mycobacterium leprae

Immunoglobulin A

10.1155/2014/283278

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Citations (15)

Immunoproteomic analysis of mycobacterium leprae derived cell membrane antigen

Avnish Kumar B K Girdhar Om Parkash

The aim of the study was serological characterization of antigens of cell membrane proteins (MLMA) of armadillo derived Mycobacterium leprae, a causative organism of leprosy. Cell membrane proteins of Mycobacterium leprae were separated using two dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DGE) and then immunoblotted with sera from leprosy patients, tuberculosis patients, healthy individuals and anti-human IgG/IgA/IgM antibodies. The immunoblots thus obtained were compared and proteins corresponding to spots detected only in leprosy immunblots were finally analyzed for their characterization by MALDI-TOF/TOF. Employing this approach, 14 (6 with anti-IgA, 5 with anti-IgM and 3 with IgG) immuno-reactive proteins with anti-human IgA/IgM/IgG were recorded. Out of these 14 proteins only 8 proteins (encoded as: MAL 1, MAL 4, MAL 5, MAL 6, MML 5, MML 6, MML 7 and MML 8) were identified to be M. leprae specific by MALDI-TOF/TOF and MASCOT search. Of these 8 proteins, 1 protein was identified as bacterioferritin (MMP-II) and remaining 7 proteins appeared to be as 5 isoforms of major membrane protein-1 (MMP-1), a 35kDa protein. To our knowledge this is the first report regarding existence of isoforms of MMP-1/35kDa protein. On preliminary examination for serological potential of these antigens, MAL5 was found to be the best (sensitivity= 82.6 specificity = 54.6%, efficiency= 68.9%) among IgA reactive proteins. On the other hand, antigen encoded as MML7 was best (sensitivity 90.9% with a specificity of 33.3%, efficiency of 70.6) among IgM reactive proteins. Though seroreactive, as such both of these antigens do not seem to be very promising serodiagnostic reagents due to their low specificities, information obtained out of this study has opened paths towards dissection of these proteins at the peptide level with the view to look for their efficient serological potential.

Mycobacterium leprae

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Citations (4)

Immunological profile of treated lepromatous leprosy patients.

PubMed (2001)

Beenu Joshi B K Girdhar Keshar Kunja Mohanty M.K. Beuria A Girdhar

The immune responses of 19 treated lepromatous patients who had remained smear negative for a long period were assessed for specific cell-mediated immunity (CMI), anti-Mycobacterium leprae antibodies and cytokine release in response to challenge with M. leprae soluble antigen (MLSA). All of these patients remained anergic to Mitsuda lepromin. Lymphoproliferation in response to M. leprae antigen was noted in only two patients. Significant reduction in the phenolic glycolipid I (PGL-I) antibody response in treated patients with no difference in the M. leprae 35-kDa antibody response was observed when these responses were compared with those of active lepromatous patients. More treated patients produced interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) than did active patients. On the other hand, fewer treated patients produced IL-10 than did active patients. These limited findings suggest that the host immune response makes an attempt toward upregulation of CMI in some treated LL/BL patients.

Mycobacterium leprae

Cellular immunity

Humoral immunity

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Nasal myiasis in leprosy

Leprosy Review (1991)

S Husain Malaviya Gn A Girdhar Sreevatsa B K Girdhar

Infestation of the nose with larvae of certain files can occur in leprosy patients.This results in severe distress and agony and can cause extensive tissue damage.The predisposing fa ctors, clinical presentation and treatment is de scribed.

Presentation (obstetrics)

10.5935/0305-7518.19910045

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Detection of Mycobacterium leprae infection: some new approaches

Journal of Immunology and Immunopathology (2004)

Om Parkash Harpeet Singh Subha Rai Archna Pandey Mansi Sachdev

At this juncture, the existing laboratory diagnostic assays are not efficient enough to detect 100% cases of leprosy. With the view to find some better tool(s) we have carried out several investigations employing various specimens (including blood, urine and skin scrapes) from leprosy patients and healthy individuals. In these efforts we have got some encouraging indicative results. All these findings opens up several new areas which needs further exploration.

Mycobacterium leprae

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The Histopathology of Tongue Lesions in Leprosy

Leprosy Review (1979)

Aprateem Mukherjee B K Girdhar K. V. DESIKAN

A histopathological study of the tongue lesions in 8 cases of lepromatous leprosy is presented.The salient histopathological changes in these lesions are described and the implication of the findings discussed.

Histopathology

10.5935/0305-7518.19790005

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Citations (13)

High density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) analysis in leprosy patients

Leprosy Review (1984)

Venkataraman Sritharan V. P. Bharadwaj K Venkatesan B K Girdhar K. V. DESIKAN

A study was undertaken with an aim to find out the levels of circulating high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and ratio of this fr action to total blood cholesterol in lepromatous leprosy patients before and after drug therapy.The healthy contacts of these patients were considered as control subjects of the study.The subjects were distributed in three groups on the basis of their age.HDL-cholesterol to total cholesterol ratio was significantly raised in both treated and untreated patients in all three groups compared to the healthy controls.The data may explain the low risk of myocardial infarction due to atherosclerosis in leprosy patients.

High-density lipoprotein

10.5935/0305-7518.19840020

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Citations (2)

Pulsed corticosteroid therapy in patients with chronic recurrent ENL: a pilot study.

PubMed (2003)

Anita Girdhar Joy Kumar Chakma B K Girdhar

A pilot study has been undertaken to compare the efficacy of small dose pulsed betamethasone therapy with need based oral steroids in chronic recurrent erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL) patients. Though this mode of therapy was well tolerated, no advantage with intermittent steroid administration was observed. This could have been on account of small dose of steroid given monthly. Treatment of chronic recurrent erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL) patients continues to be unsatisfactory, particularly, because of nonavailability of thalidomide. Though corticosteroids are effective in suppressing all the manifestations and even restoring partially or fully the functional impairment, their side effects and dependence are equally troublesome. Based on (a) the reported efficacy and safety of intermittent use of corticosteroids in several immune complex mediated disorders (Cathcart et al 1976, Kimberly et al 1979), Liebling et al 1981 and Pasricha & Gupta 1984) and (b) ENL (type II) reactions having similar pathology, a pilot study has been undertaken to see the efficacy and the tolerance of pulsed steroids in chronic ENL patients.

Erythema

Erythema Nodosum

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Serum lactoferrin in lepromatous leprosy patients

Leprosy Review (1993)

Om Parkash B K Girdhar Utpal Sengupta

The serum concentrations oflactoferrin were determined by competi tive enzyme immunoassay in the sera of 38 lepromatous leprosy patients and 16 healthy volunteers.Of the 38 lepromatous patients, 25 were without any sign of reactions while 13 were suffering from EN L type of reactions.The lactoferrin levels, in both types of patients, were observed to be significantly higher'(P < 0•0 I and < 0•00 I, respectively) than in that of healthy volunteers.The rise in lactoferrin level in reactive patients was also higher (P < 0'05) when compared to th ose without reactions.The serum lactoferrin levels were also fo und to be associated with bacterial load (r= 0-414; P < 0•0 I) indicating that in lepromatous leprosy patients, lactoferrin may not be very effective in preventing the growth of My cobacterium leprae.Further studies to improve the understanding of the role of elevated levels of lactoferrin in pathogenesis of lepromatous leprosy patients and in establishing its possible use in predicting the occurrence of ENL type of reactions would be worthwhile pursuing.

Lactoferrin

Mycobacterium leprae

Pathogenesis

10.5935/0305-7518.19930033

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Citations (1)

Preliminary observations on myiasis in leprosy patients

Leprosy Review (1990)

Sreevatsa Malaviya Gn SHUSAIN A Girdhar Haamid Rafiq Bhat

Out of 3350 leprosy patients attending the surgical outpatient department for various ulcerative lesions, 18 patients had typical symptoms of myiasis.Maggots were collected in 5 cases from the nose, in 3 cases from ulcers of the hand and in 10 cases from ulcers of the fo ot.It was possible to rear the maggots into flies in 8 out of 18 cases.The flies were identified as Sarcophaga ruficornis and Chrysomyia bezziana.

Maggot

Outpatient clinic

Foot (prosody)

10.5935/0305-7518.19900035

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Citations (11)