Cotton was planted with a cone planter at the seeding rate of 85 seeds/20 ft of row with 36” row spacing on 5 May, 2003 after strip tilling into tilled small grain cover crops. Thimet 20 G was applied in furrow at 6.5 lb/A. This document is SS-AGR-222, a publication of the Agronomy Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Services, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Univeristy of Florida. Publication date April 2004.
https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ag229
Cotton (Gosspium hirsutum L.) growth and yield following a white lupin (Lupinus albus L.) grain crop may be influenced by tillage system and rate of N fertilizer application. Field stud- ies were conducted on Dothan sandy loam from 1995 through 1997 to evaluate the influence of conventional (CT) and strip-tillage (ST) systems in combination with four rates (0, 67, 134, and 202 kg N ha -1 ) of sidedress N on growth, development, and yield of 'Deltapine 5409' cotton following a white lupin grain crop. The 202 kg N ha -1 rate was split into two applications so that 134 kg ha -1 was applied 4 wks after planting and 68 kg ha -1 was applied 7 wks after planting. There were significant year by tillage by N rate interactions for lint yield, plant height, bolls plant -1 , and bolls meter -2 , and significant tillage by N rate interac - tions for boll weight and lint weight boll -1 . Because of higher bolls m -2 , lint yields were greater from cotton grown under ST than CT. For every 1 kg N ha -1 applied to cotton, lint yield increased by 2.49 kg ha -1 under ST in 1995, 1.07 and 1.69 kg ha -1 under CT and ST, respectively, in 1996, and 1.81 kg ha -1 for CT in 1997. Based on regression analysis, maximum lint yields were achieved with the application of 76 kg N ha -1 under CT in 1995, and 78 kg N ha -1 under ST in 1997. Plant height, bolls plant -1 , and bolls m -2 , and boll weight in- creased with increasing N rates. Lint yields were primarily correlated with bolls m -2 . Following a white lupin grain crop, cotton can be success- fully grown in ST. Nitrogen application to cotton increased lint yields due to increased bolls m -2 . The optimal N rate for cotton following white lupin was 78 kg N ha -1 . O
Delayed planting date and unfavorable environmental conditions have a negative effect on soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] growth, development, and yield. Changes in photoperiod, temperature, and precipitation with delayed planting affect the duration of vegetative and reproductive stages, number of branches and pods, plant height, leaf area index (LAI), and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and hence the grain yield. Delayed planting can also affect the soybean seed quality by changing the oil and protein content. Environmental factors like extremely high temperature and drought stress, which are often associated with delayed planting, have also a negative effect on plant development and yield. Compared to optimum air temperature, reduction in photosynthetic rate during heat stress decreases seed set and size, and seed yield. Drought stress during reproductive stages reduces carbon dioxide exchange rate (CER), photosynthesis, sugar production, and flow of metabolites to the expanding cells, which increases flower and pod abortion and decreases vegetative growth, duration of the seed filling stage, seed number, and seed size. Generally, the combined effect of photoperiod, temperature, and precipitation with delayed planting most likely contributes to decreased duration of vegetative and reproductive growth stages, reduced photosynthesis and plant growth, and therefore significant reduction in grain yield of soybean.
SS-AGR-124, a 4-page article by T. W. Katsvairo, D. L. Wright, J. J. Marois, D. Hartzog, P. J. Wiatrak and J. R. Rich, reports on the importance of perennial grasses on soil health and focuses on root growth, earthworm population densities and soil water infiltration. Published by the UF Department of Agronomy, July 2006. SS-AGR-124/AG256: Sod-Based Peanut/Cotton Rotation—Soil Health Part 1: Root Depth, Earthworms, and Soil Water Infiltration (ufl.edu)
In 2001 and 2002, a field study was conducted in Quincy, FL, with glyphosate-resistant cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) to evaluate the influence tillage on weed control, plant development, and yield. Two tillage systems, conventional and strip-till, were evaluated. The plots were broadcast sprayed with glyphosate (Roundup Ultra; Monsanto, St. Louis, MO) at 427 g a.i. ha -1 when cotton plants were at the 3- to 5-node stage and direct-sprayed at the same rate at the 8- to 10- and the 12- to 15-node stages. Averaged across years, tillage system did not influence cotton yields (957 and 964 kg ha -1 for conventional and strip tillage, respectively). For most traits, responses were not affected by tillage or by the tillage by year interaction. Greater weed control was obtained for conventional than strip-tilled cotton (1.3 and 4.1% of the soil surface covered with weeds, respectively) at 30 days after treatment (DAT), but weed control at 10 and 60 DAT was similar between treatments. Plant stand at 14 days after planting (DAP) was greater in conventional tillage in 2002. Plants were taller in conventional tillage at 90 DAP in 2002, but number of main stem nodes were greater in strip tillage at 90 and 120 DAP in 2002. Strip tillage increased the total number of bolls per plant, and the number of bolls on the second and third position of the fruiting branch in 2002. These results indicate that growing cotton in strip-tillage is comparable to conventional tillage.
Detrimental levels of poultry litter (mixture of manure and bedding material) and concurrent effects of tillage need to be determined for peanut ( Arachis hypogaea L.) production. Two field trials with ‘Georgia Green’ peanut were conducted in 2001 and 2002. The objective of the first study was to evaluate the influence of seven tillage treatments (chisel, conventional, disk, fall moldboard plow, moldboard plow + chiselvator, ripper bedder, and strip‐till) and three poultry litter applications (0, 4.5, and 9.0 Mg ha −1 ) before tillage. The objective of the second study was to evaluate four application timings (0, 1, 2, and 3 wk before planting) of high poultry litter rate (13.4 Mg ha −1 ) on peanut. In the first experiment, the application of 4.5 and 9.0 Mg ha −1 poultry litter decreased peanut yields in disk and moldboard plow + chiselvator treatments in both years. However, no detrimental effect of poultry litter was noted with 4.5 Mg ha −1 on treatment with fall moldboard plow or strip‐till. Due to tomato spotted wilt tospovirus severity, peanut yields were less with the application of 4.5 and 9.0 Mg ha −1 (1844 and 1643 kg ha −1 , respectively) compared with treatment without poultry litter application (2037 kg ha −1 ) in 2002. In the second experiment, the least yield decrease was observed with high litter application at 1 wk before planting peanut (1059 kg ha −1 ) compared with control (1669 kg ha −1 ). These studies indicate that the detrimental effect of poultry litter may be reduced with less poultry litter (up to 4.5 Mg ha −1 ) applied to strip‐tilled peanut.
Delayed planting dates in the U.S. Southeast often result in insect and disease problems on corn ( Zea mays L.). The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of corn hybrid (type) and planting date on yields and the extent of injury resulting from insects and pathogens. Tropical, Bt ( Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki Berliner), and non‐Bt corn hybrids were evaluated for grain and silage yields and insect damage at planting dates from March to August from 1998 to 2001. Averaged across years, corn silage yields were greatest at March and April planting dates (16.1 Mg ha −1 ) and least from July (6.1 Mg ha −1 ) and August (4.5 Mg ha −1 ) planting dates. Silage yields of tropical corn were 26 and 17% higher than non‐Bt and Bt hybrids, respectively, because of less yield reduction at later planting dates. Corn grain yields were greatest at the March planting date (9.6 Mg ha −1 ) and least at July and August planting dates (0.9 and 0.4 Mg ha −1 , respectively). Grain yields of tropical corn were 15 and 10% higher than those of Bt and non‐Bt, respectively. Fall armyworm ( Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith), corn earworm ( Helicoverpa zea Boddie), and southern corn rust disease ( Puccinia polysora Underw.) ratings had negative correlations with corn yields. Insect damage was below 6% for Bt hybrids and above 11% for non‐Bt hybrids. Tropical corn had higher silage and grain yields and better silage quality and disease resistance than either Bt or non‐Bt hybrids.
SS-AGR-126, a 4-page fact sheet by T. W. Katsvairo, D. L. Wright, J. J. Marois, D. Hartzog, P. J. Wiatrak and J. R. Rich, recommends a four year sod-based rotation system in place of the traditional two year peanut/cotton rotation. Includes a conceptual model of benefits accruing from integrated livestock peanut/cotton farming systems and their interactions. Published by the UF Department of Agronomy, July 2006. SS-AGR-126/AG258: Sod/Livestock-Based Peanut/Cotton Production System: The Next Generation Conservation Cropping System (ufl.edu)
'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' transform='rotate(23.036 .093 25.536)'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' transform='rotate(45.87 1.273 16.18)'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' transform='rotate(69.945 .996 12.078)'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' transform='rotate(20.66 -19.689 31.932)'/%3e%3c/svg%3e)