B.V. Holcombe

University of Wollongong

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Yi Li

Chinese Academy of Sciences

BN Hoschke

Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation

A.M. Plante

Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation

R. Postle

UNSW Sydney

R. E. Griffith

UNSW Sydney

F. Apcar

Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation

J.C. Barnes

Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation

L.G. Stephens

Eaton (Taiwan)

I.M. Stuart

Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation

A.M. Schneider

Max Planck Institute for Biology

Cooperative Institutions

Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation

University of Queensland

University of Sydney

UNSW Sydney

Queensland University of Technology

Australian Institute of Health and Welfare

Woolmark (Australia)

Marshall Space Flight Center

National University of Singapore

United States Department of Housing and Urban Development

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Mathematical Simulation of Heat and Moisture Transfer in a Human-Clothing-Environment System

Textile Research Journal (1998)

Yi Li B.V. Holcombe

A mathematical model has been developed to describe the dynamic heat and moisture transport behavior of clothing and its interaction with the human thermoregulation system under transient wear conditions. A modification of Gagge's two-node model is used to simulate the human physiological regulatory responses. In clothing, heat and moisture transport is coupled with the sorption or desorption of water vapor in the fibers and the associated energy changes. If the physical activity and ambient conditions are specified, the model can predict the thermoregulatory responses of the body, to gether with the temperature and moisture profiles of the clothing. Experimental mea surements with garments made from fibers with different levels of hygroscopicity are compared with predictions by the model. There is good agreement between prediction and experiment for skin and fabric temperatures and the relative humidity of the cloth ing microclimate.

Microclimate

Transient (computer programming)

10.1177/004051759806800601

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Citations (104)

Do Test Methods Yield Meaningful Performance Specifications?

B.V. Holcombe BN Hoschke

There is an urgent need for standards to evaluate the protection against intense heat afforded by textile materials. But there is equally a need to look carefully at where and how they should be applied. In most intense heat exposure accidents in which fires or explosions are involved, the bulk of the energy incident on the victim is in the form of radiant heat. Convective heat tests are subject to a number of problems that create uncertainty in the interpretation of test data, and in many instances, high-intensity radiation tests would provide the information required. The performance requirements for each application should be carefully considered. In some occupations, it is more important that other risks, such as heat exhaustion, be given higher priority in the setting of garment performance requirements. Protective clothing can reduce the risk of injury but cannot guard against all hazards. Where the test exposure exceeds about 10 kW/m2, a mandatory pass-fail screening, consisting of a simple mechanical rigidity assessment following exposure, should be included. This eliminates materials that maintain a rigid char until the moment deformation is applied. It is important not to misinterpret test results. Test methods are essentially a means of ranking performance, whereby the heat transfer of materials can be compared under similar conditions, and a measure of the degradation obtained under those conditions. They ought not to be regarded as duplicating real-life exposures.

10.1520/stp17326s

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Citations (25)

Mathematical Modelling of the Coolness to Touch of Hygroscopic Fabrics

Journal of the Textile Institute (1993)

Yi Li B.V. Holcombe Alfredo Schneider F. Apcar

A mathematical model, developed to describe coupled heat and moisture transport in textile materials, has been used to study coolness to the touch and has shown how fibre hygroscopicity influences fabric-temperature responses. The model has been used to explain some earlier experimental observations and was found to give good prediction of the behaviour of fabrics in other skin-fabric-contact experiments. The model has also been applied to the practical wear case in which regular contact between skin and fabric occurs.

Textile

10.1080/00405009308631268

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Citations (20)

A Two-Stage Sorption Model of the Coupled Diffusion of Moisture and Heat in Wool Fabrics

Textile Research Journal (1992)

Yi Li B.V. Holcombe

An extended mathematical model that takes into account the water vapor sorption kinetics of wool fibers is presented to describe the coupled heat and moisture transport in a wool fabric. The predictions from the two-stage model are compared with those from the Nordon-David model and a simple Fickian diffusion model, and with experimental observations on a sorption cell. The two-stage model shows the best agreement with the observations from the sorption cell tests.

10.1177/004051759206200405

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Citations (124)

The evaluation of protective clothing

Fire Safety Journal (1981)

B.V. Holcombe

10.1016/0379-7112(81)90008-4

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Citations (14)

Properties Influencing Coolness to the Touch of Fabrics

Textile Research Journal (1991)

A.M. Schneider B.V. Holcombe

The sensation of warmth or coolness to touch when skin is brought into contact with a fabric is a transient heat conduction phenomenon and contributes to the per ception of comfort of a garment. The aim of this study is to establish what fabric properties influence thermal touch sensations. Experiments were conducted in which the thermal response of skin contacting a fabric was simulated. The rate of temperature drop in the skin, which is a measure of the coolness sensation, is correlated with the outer layer thickness of the fabric, which can be estimated from sample thickness measurements at just two light pressures.

Thermal sensation

Sensation

Sample (material)

10.1177/004051759106100810

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Citations (37)

A Critical Appraisal of Test Methods for Thermal Protective Clothing Fabrics

BN Hoschke B.V. Holcombe A.M. Plante

This paper discusses the merits and deficiencies of some existing and proposed test methods for the evaluation of fabrics intended for protection against radiant heat and flame. Modifications to improve the apparatus and the procedures are suggested. The factors investigated include (1) the means used to obtain a given radiant or convective heat flux; (2) the type, design, and construction of the heat sensor; and (3) the specimen mounting. Standard Test Methods British Standard for Clothing for Protection Against Intense Heat for Short Periods (BS 3791), ISO Test for Evaluation of Thermal Behaviour of Materials and Materials When Exposed to a Source of Radiant Heat (ISO 6942-1981) and ASTM Test for Thermal Protective Performance of Materials for Clothing by Open-Flame Method (D 4108-82) are considered, together with the radiant heat test method proposed in the Federal Aviation Administration's Proposed Flammability Standard for Commercial Transport Flight Attendant Uniforms (FAA-RD-75-176).

Critical appraisal

10.1520/stp17325s

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Citations (10)

Fire Safety Journal (1983)

B.V. Holcombe

Thermal Radiation

10.1016/0379-7112(83)90058-9

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Citations (17)

The physical mechanisms of the perception of dampness in fabrics

Journal of Thermal Biology (1993)

Yi Li A.M. Plante B.V. Holcombe

10.1016/0306-4565(93)90069-6

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Citations (27)

New method for the measurement of the power consumption of a guarded hot plate

Review of Scientific Instruments (1984)

B.V. Holcombe

A method has been developed, to modify the way power is applied to the test plate of a guarded hot plate, which enables continuous and accurate measurement of the power consumption of the test plate. It is very simple to produce and offers significant advantages in cost and flexibility over methods used in existing systems. The output of the temperature controller is converted into bursts of precisely regulated pulses of power, and these are counted against a time base. This enables digital manipulation of the power consumption data and interfacing of the guarded hot plate to a data processor.

Interfacing

Hot plate

Base (topology)

10.1063/1.1137958

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Citations (1)