By chromatography on columns of DEAE-Sephadex A-50 and Sephadex G-100, and electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gel, 5S rRNA was purified from a low-molecular-weight RNA fraction extracted from the total tissues of Lingula anatina. Complete digests of the 5S rRNA with RNase T1 [EC 3.1.4.8] and pancreatic RNase [EC 3.1.4.22] were sequenced by conventional column chromatography procedures. The nucleotide sequence of this RNA was determined mainly by a chemical method for sequencing the RNA 3′ end-labeled with P (1), with the complement of the oligonucleotide catalog obtained by the complete RNase digestions of the RNA. By comparing the sequences of several invertebrate, vertebrate, and Chiorella 5S rRNAs, a phylogenic tree of the rRNAs was constructed and the time of divergence of Lingula was estimated.
A high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system has been developed for identification and quantitation of products obtained by enzymatic digestion of oligonucleotides. Using this system, nucleotide sequence of rainbow trout liver 5S ribosomal RNA has been established. Eight substitutions of bases have been found between this and mammalian 5S rRNAs.
Conditions were established for the separation and quantitative determination of ribonucleosides, mono- and oligo-ribonucleotides by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) on columns of AS-Pellionex SAX and AL-Pellionex WAX. By combining a high-speed UV spectrum monitor with an HPLC apparatus, products of RNase digestions of oligonucleotides and 5S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) were identified by measuring their UV spectra under continuous solvent flow, and also from their retention times on the columns (positions of elution). It took only 10 to 30 min for one chromatography run and required less than 0.01 A260 unit of sample per nucleotide material in each peak.
Staring from low molecular weight RNA obtained from rainbow trout (Salmo gairdnerii) liver, 5S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) was highly purified by successive chromatography on columns of DEAE-Sephadex A50 and Sephadex G100. Products of complete and partial digestions on this RNA with pancreatic ribonuclease (RNase A) [EC 3.1.4.22] and RNase T [EC 3.1.4.8] were isolated and sequenced by conventional and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) procedures. The nucleotide sequence of this RNA thus established was compared with those of five other vertebrae 5S rRNAs, and the rates of base substitution per site per year were found to be nearly constant in these RNAs. The analyses of the partial digests of the trout 5S rRNA revealed several sites susceptible to RNase attack, which could be accounted for by the secondary structure model for eukaryotic 5S rRNAs proposed by Nishikawa and Takemura (1).
We conducted the 31 st annual IWC-SOWER (formerly IDCR) Cruise in Antarctic Area IV aboard the Japanese Research Vessel Shonan Maru No.2. The cruise departed Benoa, Bali, Indonesia on 6 January 2009 and returned to Benoa, Bali, Indonesia on 26 February 2009. The cruise had three main objectives: 1) investigate temporal changes in the spatial distribution of minke whales in relation to recession of the pack ice using a combination of line transect survey, photo-identification studies and biopsy/mark-recapture effort; 2) continue research on blue whales, as in previous years, and; 3) continue research on humpback and southern right whales, as in previous years. The cruise duration was shorter-than-normal SOWER Antarctic cruises and the minke whale research was to have emphasis on investigation of feasibility aspects (especially with respect to the biopsy/mark-recapture effort). After transiting to the research area (spanning longitudes 082°E - 095°E), we carried out a whale survey conducted as a series of 4 repeat line-transect surveys of the research area from 19 January to 12 February. The research area extended from the pack ice edge and repeat surveys had a common northern boundary established 60 n.miles north of the ice edge determined during the first survey. A total of 1440.5 n.miles were covered during the 4 surveys, and in two survey modes: SS-II mode (611.4 n.miles) and BT-Option II mode (829.1 n.miles). The total number of minke whales sighted during the entire coverage of the research area was 49 groups, 56 animals. No substantial southward recession of the ice edge was observed during the survey period. AMSR-E satellite predictions of sea ice indicated extensive areas with low ice cover (0-3%) within the pack ice zone in the research area (the Davis Sea polynya and an adjoining large lead), however these areas were inaccessible for survey as they were south of our observed ice edge. Humpback whales were the most frequently sighted species in the research area, with 373 groups, 682 animals observed. Seven groups comprising 17 Antarctic blue whales were sighted, and biopsy samples, identification photos, video, and acoustic recordings were collected. In terms of numbers of animals encountered, killer whales were the second most frequently sighted species in the research area with a total of 255 animals observed (21 groups). Killer whale Types A, B, and C were seen as well as killer whales unclassified to Type. During the cruise biopsy samples were collected from 4 minke whales, 6 Antarctic blue whales, 23 humpback whales, and 1 killer whale. Individual identification photos of 15 minke whales, 12 Antarctic blue whales, and 74 humpback whales were obtained, as well as identification photos from 10 groups of killer whales. Trial telemetry approaches to minke whales were also to be attempted, however due to a lack of suitable minke whale groups, there was opportunity for only one trial, which was unsuccessful. Acoustic recordings were conducted at a total of 25 stations using sonobuoys. Sounds attributed to Antarctic blue whales were recorded at 3 stations conducted in the vicinity of the sighted blue whales and at 5 opportunistic stations. Notable sightings during the cruise included a mixed species feeding aggregation centered at 64°19'S 088°53'E on 9 February comprising 4 groups (51 animals) of killer whales, two fin whales, two minke whales and a humpback whale. A group of tropical killer whales (6 animals) was observed at 12°32'S 114°39'E. A southern bottlenose whale calf was recorded in a group of three whales on 21 February at position 28°21'S 111°20'E during the return transit to Benoa. During SOWER 2008-09 digital still cameras mounted above the top platform were used to collect images for the investigation of angle estimation and observer search patterns. The Estimated Angle and Distance Training Exercise and Experiment was completed as in previous years.
The nucleotide sequence of 5S ribosomal RNA from plasmodia of the slime mold Physarum polycephalum was determined as pppGGAUGCGGC CAUACUAAGG 20 AGAAAGCACC 30 UCAUCCCGUC 40 CGAUCUGAGA 50 AGUUAAGCUC 60 CUUCAGGCGU 70 GGUUAGUACU 80 GGGGUGGGGG 90 ACCACCUGGG 100 AAUCCCACGU 110 GCUGCAUUCU 120 Uoh by chemical and enzymatic gel sequencing technics using 3' and 5' end-labeled RNA. This RNA is very different from 5S rRNA of the cellular slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum (36 nucleotides are different), and shows greater similarity to 5S rRNAs from Protozoa and Metazoa than to those from fungi.
A low molecular weight RNA fraction was obtained from the posterior silk glands of Bombyx mori . 5S rRNA was purified from this fraction by gel filtration on a column of Sephadex G-100 and electrophoresis on a discontinuous polyacrylamide gel devised for large scale preparation. The nucleotide sequence of this RNA was determined mainly by a chemical sequencing method on polyacrylamide gels using RNA labeled with [ 32 P]pCp at the 3' terminus ( 1 ). An enzymatic sequencing method on gels using 32P-labeled RNA at the 5' end (2) and conventional sequence analyses of the complete digests of the unlabeled RNA with RNase T 1 [EC 3.1.27.3] and RNase A [EC 3.1.27.5] were used for complete determination of the total sequence. 16 base substitutions were observed between B. mori and Drosophila melanogaster 5S rRNAs.
Journal Article Differentiation of Oocyte- and Somatic-Type 5S rRNAs in Animals Get access Hiroyuki KOMIYA, Hiroyuki KOMIYA *Yamada Junior College of Home EconomicsHigashi-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 461 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Masami HASEGAWA, Masami HASEGAWA **Institute of Mathematical StatisticsMinami-Azabu, Minato-ku, Tokyo 106 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Shosuke TAKEMURA Shosuke TAKEMURA ***Institute of Molecular Biology, School of Science, Nagoya UniversityChikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar The Journal of Biochemistry, Volume 100, Issue 2, 1986, Pages 369–374, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a121723 Published: 01 February 1986 Article history Published: 01 February 1986 Received: 18 March 1986
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