A method is presented for using botanical survey and soil survey data to generate maps of the probability of occurrence of weeds in Britain across all habitats. For each species, data from a national, designed botanical survey were smoothed spatially, and the association between species distribution and soils was calculated using the botanical survey and 1 km square data on dominant and subdominant soils using national data. A logistic regression was fitted using the botanical survey data, and was interpolated across the whole country to generate the maps. The resulting maps show the probability of occurrence of species and species groups at the 2‐km scale. They map the potential, rather than realized, risk of particular types of weed infestation, as they do not account for local management factors.
Internationally, trafficking in persons is a phenomenon that has received increased attention in both the public and political realms. Public perceptions of institutional legitimacy and civic engagement are necessary for the successful implementation of anti-trafficking programs. In this analysis, legal cynicism is addressed as a possible detriment to public support for anti-trafficking efforts in the post-soviet countries of Albania and Moldova. Both Moldova and Albania have experienced increased levels of human trafficking incidents as a result of transitioning from soviet controlled states to democracies, allowing for more open borders and liberalized economies. Additionally, Albania and Moldova not only have human trafficking problem, but also experience high levels of public distrust of their respective governments. The aim of this study is to understand the impact of legal cynicism on the prioritization of government involvement in these anti-trafficking efforts. Contextualizing legal cynicism outside of the United States is especially important, as both public opinion and legal cynicism literature has been predominantly framed based on the American public and U.S institutions, such as police departments. This analysis examines the role of legal cynicism on government interventions using data collected for the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) Report, Public Opinion on Human Trafficking in Moldova and Albania.
Chronic inflammation and degenerative tendonitis of the supraspinatus muscle is an important cause of intrinsic shoulder pain. Injury to this muscle is usually caused, not by a single event, but by slight to moderate trauma repeatedly to the same anatomic area. The term repetition strain injury is used to describe this form of microtrauma. Repetition strain injury of the supraspinatus muscle is not an isolated event, but rather a form of microtrauma that affects the entire shoulder girdle. This functional unit must be evaluated and considered in the treatment plan. The authors discuss the diagnosis of this pain syndrome, which is based on the patient's work history, motion and strength testing, and palpation for trigger points. They also provide instruction in treatment involving manipulation with functional and counterstrain techniques combined with home exercise and modification of work posture.
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