La couleur d'un objet n'est pas liee a la matiere de maniere intrinseque, elle est plutot une perception, une interpretation de la lumiere renvoyee ou absorbee par l'objet. Il convient donc d'etudier les colorants, tres utilises dans l'industrie (automobile, cosmetologie, chimie, bâtiment...), avec le plus grand soin. La methode reside dans le fait de quantifier la couleur d'un colorant a partir du calcul de son spectre d'absorption. Les parametres comme le spectre d'absorption du colorant, la densite spectrale de l'illuminant ainsi que la reflexion du support sont au cœur des modeles colorimetriques.
Peptide–polymer conjugates made of poly(L-lactide) and L-phenylalanine or L,L-diphenylalanine (F–PLA and FF–PLA, respectively) have been synthesized by the ring-opening polymerization of L-lactide using the peptide fragment as an initiator. The structure of the conjugates was confirmed by 1H NMR, FT-IR, GPC, UV-Vis and CD. Molecular dynamics simulations have been used to identify both the conformational preferences of the FF–PLA conjugate in solution and the potential intramolecular interactions between the peptide and polymer blocks, while TD-DFT calculations have been applied to model the electronic transitions observed by the UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy. Results show that the polymer fragment prefers a random coil or a mix of helix/strand while the peptide fragment tends to have folded and helical conformations. Although the degree of interaction between the two fragments is slightly higher than that reported for other peptide–polymer conjugates, it is small enough to suggest that FF–PLA is a potential candidate to aggregate forming peptide-guided organizations via self-assembly. On the other hand, quantum mechanical calculations have allowed us to identify the π → π* transition, which is typically observed in helical peptides and proteins, as well as the n → π* transition along the N–C–O backbone.
We have computed the absorption spectra of a large series of anthraquinone dyes by using the time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) for the excited-state calculations and the polarizable continuum model (PCM) for evaluating bulk solvent effects. On one hand, we compare the results obtained with the B3LYP and the PBE0 hybrid functionals, combined with different atomic basis sets. On the other hand, using multiple linear regression, we take advantage of the λmax predicted by these two functionals in order to reach the best agreement between theoretical estimates and experimental measurements. It turns out that 1. PBE0 provides more accurate results than B3LYP; in addition the average errors provided by the former are less basis set dependent. 2. Multiple linear regression provides excited state spectra in better agreement with experiment than any simple linear fit that could be performed. 3. Using our best fitting procedure, we obtained a mean absolute error of 6 nm for a set of 66 anthraquinones, with no deviations exceeding 25 nm. The related standard deviation, useful for predictions, is only 8 nm, i.e.,[Formula: see text] =[Formula: see text] ± 8 nm (or ±0.05 eV) for unknown anthraquinone compounds.
Brucella melitensis is a pathogenic bacterium responsible for brucellosis in mammals and humans. Its outer membrane proteins (Omp) control the diffusion of solutes through the membrane, and they consequently have a crucial role in the design of diagnostics and vaccines. Moreover, such proteins have recently revealed their potential for protein-based biomaterials. In the present contribution, the structure of the B. melitensis porin Omp2a is built using the RaptorX threading method. This is a 16-stranded β-barrel with an α-helix on the third loop folding inside the barrel and forming the constriction zone of the channel, a typical feature of general porins such as PhoE and OmpF. The preferential diffusion of cations over anions experimentally observed in anterior studies is evidenced by the presence of distinct clusters of charges in the extracellular loops and in the inner pore. Docking studies support the previously reported hypothesis of Omp2a ability to aid maltotetraose diffusion. The monomer model is then assembled into a homotrimer, stabilized by the L2 loop involved in most of the interface interactions. The stability of the trimer is evaluated in three bilayers: pure 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC), pure 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (POPE) and a mixture of 1:1 of POPC/POPE. All-atom molecular dynamics simulations demonstrate the β-barrel-structural stability over time even though a breathing-like motion is observed. Compared to the pure bilayers, the POPC/POPE better preserves the integrity of the protein and its channel. Overall, this work demonstrates the relevancy of the Omp2a model and will help to design new therapeutic agents and bioinspired nanomaterials.