Introduction. Valsalva retinopathy is an uncommon disorder that usually presents with acute onset of unilateral, or less frequently, bilateral visual impairment varying from subtle scotoma to total vision loss. It occurs as a result of Valsalva?s maneuver. In the vast majority of cases, hemorrhage is preretinal although subretinal, intraretinal and vitreous hemorrhage can be found. Valsalva retinopathy often develops due to numerous triggering activities such as vomiting, coughing, heavy weight lifting, intense aerobic exercise, labor, and general anesthesia. Management options are either clinical observation or invasive techniques. We report a case of premacular hemorrhage due to Valsalva retinopathy induced by gym training. Case outline. A 34-year-old woman was referred to the Eye Clinic, University Clinical Center of Serbia, complaining of sudden and painless unilateral decrease in vision occurred during intense physical activity. Best corrected visual acuity was measured as counting fingers at five meters distance. Dilated fundoscopy demonstrated a large, well demarcated premacular subhyaloid hemorrhage with visible rupture of the retinal vein branch. The patient was treated conservatively. Three months after the onset of symptoms, hemorrhage absorbed and best corrected visual acuity was 20/20. Conclusion. Valsalva retinopathy, although a rare condition, should not be omitted as a differential diagnosis of retinal and vitreous hemorrhages. Standard, observational treatment is generally sufficient for complete vision recovery; however, literature suggests that an individualized approach to each patient is required.
An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
The paper describes research and development projects in the field of system support for e-business on the Internet (EBI). The term EBI refers to a synergistic interaction of a number of disciplines, like electronic multimedia, electronic collaboration, electronic commerce, and appropriate business knowledge and intelligence infrastructure. There are several major infrastructure bottlenecks for efficient use of EBI. Some of the bottlenecks are in the hardware and others are in the software domain.
In this study three synthetic dyes were treated using hypochlorite or combination of hypochlorite and microwave irradiation in order to investigate factors which determine decolorisation of the investigated compounds. An azo dye (C.I. Reactive Orange 16 - RO16), an azo methine dye (C.I. Basic Yellow 28 - BY28) and an antraquinone dye (C.I. Acid Blue 111 - AB111) were used for experiments. Hypochlorite stability as well as the influence of microwaves on hypochlorite stability was also investigated.
Electrocatalytic decolorization of the arylazo pyridone dyes has been investigated in the presence of sodium chloride using DSA Ti/PtOx electrode in the diluted sodium hydroxide. Decolorization can be attributed to the indirect oxidation of the investigated dyes by the electrogenerated hypochlorite formed from the chloride oxidation. Electrochemical decolorization has been investigated for the different sodium hydroxide concentration in the range from 40 mg dm-3 to 4 g dm-3, sodium chloride concentration in the range from 15 to 40 g dm-3, agitation speed in the range from 150 to 500 rpm, currents in the range of 100 to 250 mA, and dye concentration from 5 to 20 mg dm-3. The optimum electrolysis conditions have been suggested. Effect of substituents on the reaction rate has also been studied.
In this paper, single-user (SU) and multi-user (MU) transmission approaches in multiple input-multiple output (MIMO) wireless local area networks (WLANs) are compared. The impact of the transmission strategy on both short-term and long-term fairness and frame delay distribution is studied. This work is focused on the previously presented single-user-distributed coordination function (SU-DCF) and multi-user -distributed coordination function (MU-DCF), both based on the IEEE 802.11 distributed coordination function (DCF). A comparative performance analysis is given, and despite the increased system complexity, it is argued in favor of MU systems.
Introduction/Aim: Vitreoretinal diseases can lead to permanent vision loss. The aim of our study was to present the frequency, demographics and treatment options of the patients hospitalized and treated at the tertiary healthcare Department of Vitreoretinal Surgery and Eye Trauma in a two-year period. Material and Methods: The retrospective study was conducted at the Clinic for Eye Diseases, University Clinical Center of Serbia in Belgrade, Serbia in the period between November 30, 2020 and December 4, 2022. |Data on demographics, seasonality and treatment methods were collected from "Heliant" healthcare software and subsequently interpreted. Results: During the study period, a total of 1295 patients were hospitalized. Cataract was the most common reason for hospitalization (n=355, 27.4%), followed by ocular trauma (n=303, 23.4%) and rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (n=287, 22.2%). The majority of patients with eye trauma (n=125, 41.2%, p<0.001) were between 19 and 44 years old. Male predominance was found in ocular trauma (n=261, 86.1%, p<0.001), and also in patients hospitalized for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment surgery (n=166, 57.8%, p<0.001) and surgery due to complications of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (n=41, 71.9%, p<0.001). Patients aged between 45 and 64 years were at the highest risk (n=136, 47.4%, p<0.001) and vitrectomy was performed more often as a treatment of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (n=193, 67.2%, p<0.001). Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment most commonly occurred in autumn (n=103, 35.9%, p<0.001). Conclusion Further studies focusing more on some of the pathologies included in this study may be beneficial for a better understanding of epidemiology, preventive measures, and optimal treatment methods.