The aim of the present study was to investigate the efficacy of infliximab for the treatment of extrapulmonary sarcoidosis. A prospective, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted, with infliximab at 3 and 5 mg·kg −1 body weight administered over 24 weeks. Extrapulmonary organ severity was determined by a novel severity tool (extrapulmonary physician organ severity tool; ePOST) with an adjustment for the number of organs involved (ePOSTadj). In total, 138 patients enrolled in the trial of infliximab versus placebo for the treatment of chronic corticosteroid-dependent pulmonary sarcoidosis. The baseline severity of extrapulmonary organ involvement, as measured by ePOST, was similar across treatment groups. After 24 weeks of drug-therapy study, the change from baseline to week 24 in ePOST was greater for the combined infliximab group compared with the placebo group. After adjustment for the number of extrapulmonary organs involved, the improvement in ePOSTadj observed in the combined infliximab group was also greater than that observed in placebo-treated patients, after 24 weeks of therapy. The improvements in ePOST and ePOSTadj were not maintained during a subsequent 24-week washout period. Infliximab may be beneficial compared with placebo in the treatment of extrapulmonary sarcoidosis in patients already receiving corticosteroids, as assessed by the severity tool described in the present study.
From measurements on hyperpure and commercially pure low- to high-loss liquids over a wide spectral range and using a variety of experimental equipment, we have been able for the first time to quantify both the systematic and the random uncertainties to which extra-high-frequency dielectric measurements are subject. From our measurements it has become possible to specify certain liquids and solids as standard reference materials for the calibration of high-frequency dielectric measuring equipment.
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIonic Strength Dependence of the Average Dimension of Low Molecular Weight DNAM. Mandel and J. SchoutenCite this: Macromolecules 1980, 13, 5, 1247–1251Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma60077a041https://doi.org/10.1021/ma60077a041research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views80Altmetric-Citations37LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Abstract A new cell is described here which can be used to determine the dielectric constant of conducting liquids or solutions in the radio‐frequency range. This new cell features a nearly coaxial structure (low self‐induction) and a variable distance between the two parallel electrodes (discs). The dielectric constant measured with this cell can be corrected for electrode effects according to Shaw's formula, without using extrapolation to infinite frequency or a method necessitating comparison to other conducting media. Measurements have been performed with aqueous electrolytic solutions. The results are compatible with those published previously and obtained by applying a different method of correction for electrode effects. It has thus been confirmed that the dielectric constant of extremely dilute solutions of strong electrolytes ( c ≤ 3.10 −3 moles/l) are very close to that of pure water.
Abstract Il semble possible d'attribuer partiellement les propriétés diélectriques de solutions de hauts polymères à une interaction entre la macromolécule et les molécules du solvant, si ce dernier est polaire. L'étude de la variation de la constante diélectrique statique avec la température peut alors apporter des renseignements intéressants. Appliquant à la solution diluée d'une macromolécule polaire dans un solvant polaire, un modèle analogue à celui proposé par Fröhlich pour les liquides purs, on peut définir un facteur de corrélation ( g ) si l'on tient compte de la polarisation de déformation d'une façon macroscopique à travers l'indice de réfraction de la solution. Le raisonnement est valable aussi bien pour le cas où l'on considère la macromolécule comme un tout plus ou moins rigide que pour celui où on la décompose en chaǐnons statistiques. L'exemple d'une solution à 2% de polyméthacrylate de butyle dans le toluène montre que l'effet existe. I'étude de ces propriétés, commencée depuis peu au laboratoire, aura e.a. pour but de voir s'il existe une relation entre le facteur g pour différentes solutions de hauts polymères dans différents solvants, notamment par rapport à une éventuelle température de précipitation.
