Drought is among the most damaging environmental phenomena, affecting agricultural productivity, wildfire risks,  hydropower production, water quantity and quality, public health, ecosystem integrity, and recreation. Streamflow drought, where the streamflow declines below a threshold defining anomalously low flows, is one measure of hydrologic drought that can be interpreted as an integrative measure of the availability of water for specific uses. Early warning of streamflow drought onset, severity, spatial extent, and duration is needed to support improved water resource management. Streamflow drought forecasting is particularly important in the western United States where a changing climate threatens already-scarce water resources.The U.S. Geological Survey is  applying a variety of machine learning and artificial intelligence modeling methods to predict streamflow drought in a 40-year retrospective analysis at 425 USGS stream gage locations within and surrounding the Colorado River basin. In this presentation, we briefly provide an overview of these approaches, then primarily focus on results from random forest binary classification models for streamflow drought onset and duration. For this study, streamflow drought is defined using seasonally variable streamflow exceedance thresholds developed from the Weibull distribution of observed flows or zero-flow durations from 1981-2020. We trained a large set of random forest models (n =72) , each of which predicts daily streamflow drought onset and duration probabilities at a particular forecast horizon and severity level. The models are trained using past observations of daily streamflow drought and a predictor dataset of daily hydrometeorological variables and static basin characteristics We combine the results of these models to provide holistic forecasts. In addition to streamflow drought prediction performance, we evaluate the opportunities for transitioning this modeling framework to operational forecasting and consider future directions for providing actionable forecasts to regional and national stakeholders.
In a broad sense, systems analysis is the systematic analysis of design or decision alternatives to solve a problem. To formalize this approach, it is necessary to describe the problem in terms of decisions, objectives, and constraints. In engineering education, we often seek to simplify the problem so that the decisions, objectives, and constraints can be formulated in mathematical terms. Often, but not always, there are a large number of alternatives, and the evaluation of objectives and constraints involves analysis of a complex system, or set of interrelated components, which prevents easy solution through intuition or quick analysis of all alternatives. When the search for the best alternative is automated through a mathematical algorithm (almost always on a computer), systems analysis is often called optimization or mathematical programming. Although not used widely in engineering education, case studies can be extremely beneficial as a pedagogical tool for providing students with active, collaborative, and inquiry-based learning experiences. More specifically, case studies can provide students the opportunity to actively acquire information, collaborate with others in problem definition, develop an investigation strategy, choose among alternative problem solving approaches, and negotiate or attempt to convince others of their conclusions. Many students state a strong preference for these activities over more traditional lecture-based learning environments.
"Debate: Financial reporting for heritage in the public sector—the views of the IPSASB." Public Money & Management, ahead-of-print(ahead-of-print), pp. 1–2
natura», «naturalmente timido e vergognoso» 1 .Certo, non mancano le gure capaci di far dimenticare al timido la sua natura, di sottrarre l'interazione con l'altro alla stretta del disagio e dell'arti cio: la Signora de Warens e Thérèse costituiscono, in questo senso, le eccezioni con cui Rousseau può nalmente recuperare l'immediatezza e la gioia intraviste nella solitudine delle passeggiate, nello studio disinteressato della botanica, nella necessità della scrittura.Ma se pensiamo alle molte scene dei pranzi, dei salotti, degli incontri mondani e degli scontri con le istituzioni che 1. Rousseau, Les Confessions, Les
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