In this study, we compared the quality characteristics of soft morning roll bread with different contents of two Korean high-yield tongil-type rice varieties, namely Hanareum4 and Keumkang1. The final and setback viscosities increased with increasing rice flour ratio as determined by a Rapid Visco Analyzer. The pH of the dough decreased as the rice flour ratio was decreased from 70% to 0%, regardless of the rice cultivar, and the dough rose more when less rice flour was added. During the final fermentation stage, the volumes of the dough containing Keumkang1 were 32.2, 27.5, 23.0, and 21.0 mL when 0, 30, 50, and 70% rice flour were added, respectively. The SEM images reveal that the dough forms a net-like morphology during fermentation, due to the decomposition of the wheat and rice flour. The volume and moisture contents of soft morning roll bread ranged in 90-192.5 mL and 38.25-40.06%, respectively. The volume of the Keumkang1-containing bread loaf was higher than that of the Hanareum4-containing loaf. Texture profile analysis (TPA) results suggest that the hardness and chewiness of the bread containing 30% Keumkang1 is very similar to that of the 100%-wheat bread regardless of rice varieties. The results suggest that Keumkang1 can replace wheat at a 30% level for morning roll bread purposes.
The damage caused by typhoons to rice production has been increasing.To reduce this damage, wind-tolerant rice breeding programs have been conducted at the Yeongdeok substation (YS) of the National Institute of Crop Science (NICS).This study was conducted to examine the effects of these wind-tolerant rice breeding programs.Under the wind-tolerance screening facility (WTSF), the wind-tolerance of 17 rice varieties bred at NICS (usual rice) and 20 rice varieties bred at YS (wind-tolerant rice) were analyzed by evaluating six traits: white spikelet (WS), white panicle (WP), degree of wind damage (DG), ratio of ripened grain (RRG) at control (RRG_C) and treatment (RRG_T), and reduction rate of RRG between control and treatment (RRG_R).Wind-tolerant rice showed more wind-tolerant characteristics than usual rice, such as lower WS, WP, DG, and RRG_R and higher RRG_T and RRG_C.In the principal component analysis, wind-tolerant rice showing a similar direction for RRG_T and RRG_C were located separately from the usual rice.The adaptability tests of wind-tolerant rice were conducted by evaluating eight yield-related traits in the wind-prone areas.Wind-tolerant rice was divided into three clusters by K-means clustering analysis using WP and RRG_T with the WTSF, RRG, and yield in the wind-prone areas.Among the three clusters, YC2 had the strongest wind tolerance performance, followed by YC3 showing moderate wind tolerance, and YC1 the weakest wind tolerance.'Sinbo', a variety belonging to YC2, exhibited the strongest wind tolerance and high yield potential among all varieties.The wind-tolerant rice varieties bred at YS could be used practically to prevent wind damage and utilize breeding materials to enhance the wind tolerance of rice varieties.
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