Free wall rupture of the Left Ventricle (LV) is a rare life-threatening complication of acute myocardial infarction. Very rarely such a rupture may be contained by the adhering pericardium thus creating a pseudoaneurysm. This condition warrants for emergency surgery. Hemodynamic management is very important in such patients during induction of anesthesia. We report a case of 58 years old male patient who collapsed during induction of anesthesia in the operation theatre.
Sexual dimorphism can be studied by observing calcification pattern of rib cartilage, which is gender specific and have peculiar changes those occur at various ages. Various studies have been carried out in past for identifying specific gender from calcification pattern of rib cartilages. Present study was conducted at GCS Medical College, Hospital & RC, Ahmedabad, comprising of total 2291 digital radiographs of chest region (1240 males, 1051 females) of subjects of known age ranging from one day to 92 years. These radiographs were in “jpg format” and observed with “Microsoft Office Picture Manager 2007” by two methods- method I & method-II. Certain technical applications were incorporated in method-II to know the accuracy of computer software in interpretation of digital radiographs for gender determination. After analyzing and applying suitable statistical tests it was concluded that use of computer software for observing calcification of costal cartilages can yield better accuracy in determination of gender. To the best of our belief and knowledge such type of study is hardly reported in bio-medical journals.
Skeletal muscle dysfunction is well known in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The muscle strength is altered in various muscles variedly. Lower-limb muscle strength is very important for walking distance. Reduced lower-limb strength can affect the physical quality of life.The aim of the study was to assess and compare the quadriceps strength in COPD patients and age-matched healthy controls and to study the correlation between lung function parameters and the quadriceps strength in patients with COPD.Thirty nonsmoker male patients; thirty nonsmoker female patients with COPD; and sixty age-, BMI-, and gender-matched healthy controls were studied. Quadriceps muscle strength was measured using a quadriceps dynamometer. Forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), FEF 25-75, and peak expiratory flow rate were measured using Helios 702 Spirometer. The quadriceps muscle strength between the two groups was compared using the unpaired Student's t-test. Correlations between FVC and FEV1with muscle strength were analyzed using the Pearson's coefficient.The mean unilateral and bilateral quadriceps strength in both male and female COPD patients was significantly lesser than the healthy controls (P < 0.05). There was a significant positive correlation between muscle strength and FVC and muscle strength and FEV1in patients with COPD.The study shows that there is quadriceps weakness in COPD patients, and pulmonary functions have a direct impact on skeletal muscle strength. Identifying those patients who have reduced strength will allow early interventions targeted at improving the quality of life of the patient.
Obesity is most common form of malnutrition affecti ng both develop and developing country. It has been associated with number of diseases including diabet es and hypertension. In the present study we tried to find out effect of obesity on pulmonary function. To rec ord and compare pulmonary function parameters in obese and non obese individuals. Pulmonary function parameters were recorded in 50 non obese and 50 obese individuals using an RMS Helios 701 Spirometer. We found that all the pulmonary function parameters ar e less in obese subjects as compare to normal subjects exc ept FEV1/FVC indicating restrictive type of ventila tor changes in obese individuals. Obese individuals sho uld be educated regarding hazardous effect of obesi ty on different body system. They should be motivated to lose weight and proper physiotherapy exercises shou ld be taught to them to increase respiratory muscle stren gth.
There are very few studies that have investigated the muscle strength and endurance of upper limbs (UL) in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We undertook this study to measure and compare the skeletal muscle strength and endurance of UL in COPD patients and age matched healthy controls and to study the association between lung function parameters and UL muscle strength and endurance.Forty one COPD patients and 45 height and weight matched healthy subjects of the same age group were studied. UL skeletal muscle strength and endurance were measured using the hand grip dynamometer test. Forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV₁), forced expiratory flow during 25-75% FVC (FEF (25-75%)) and peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) were measured. The handgrip muscle strength and endurance between the two groups were compared and correlations between FVC and FEV 1 with muscle strength and endurance were analyzed.The mean handgrip strength and mean muscle endurance in COPD patients were significantly lesser than the normal subjects in both males and females (P<0.001). There was significant positive correlation between muscle strength and FVC in males (r² =0.32, P<0.05); and between muscle strength and FEV₁ in females (r² =0.20, P<0.05).The study showed that the handgrip muscle strength decreases as the FVC and FEV₁ decrease in patients with COPD. Identifying those patients who have reduced strength and endurance will allow early interventions targeted at improving the quality of life of the patient.
Background: Menopause is a natural event in the ageing process and signifies the end of reproductive years with cessation of cyclic ovarian function as manifested by cyclic menstruation. Lipid profile is altered in menopause because of various reasons. Objectives: The study was aimed to compare the lipid profile in women with normal body mass index (BMI) = 18.9-24.9 and women with BMI = 25-29.9 in both pre- and post-menopausal group. Materials and Methods: Estimation of total cholesterol (TC) by CHOD-PAP Cholesterol Oxidase - Peroxidase + Aminophenazone + Phenol method, triglyceride (TG) by enzymatic calorimetric method, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) phosphotungstic acid method, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) by using Friedewald formula and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) was done by using the formula -VLDL = TG/5 in 30 women selected in each group. Results: Our study revealed that serum levels of TC, TG and LDL-C were significantly higher in post-menopausal women in comparison to their pre-menopausal counterparts, irrespective of BMI ( P P Conclusions: We found that serum levels of TC, TG and LDL-C were significantly higher in post-menopausal women in comparison to their pre-menopausal counterparts, irrespective of BMI. Similarly, HDL-C levels were significantly lower in post-menopausal women as compared to pre-menopausal women of similar BMI. Since we found similar changes in women of different BMIs, the difference in hormonal status is the probable cause of altered lipid profile. Hence, all post-menopausal women irrespective of body weight and BMI should be strongly counseled to have proper physical exercise and dietary habits to avoid the possible cardiovascular complications.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the fourth most common cause of death in the world, for which smoking is a common cause. It is preferable to diagnose COPD at an earlier stage and to assess its progression so that mortality and morbidity of the disease could be reduced. Hence, we conducted this study to assess parameters of body plethysmography in Indian population where the data are lacking and to assess whether the use of body plethysmography can detect COPD earlier.
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