Eline van der Beek

Nutricia Research (Netherlands)

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Bert van de Heijning

Danone (Netherlands)

Bert Brunekreef

Utrecht University

Marieke Abrahamse‐Berkeveld

Nutricia Research (Netherlands)

Marjan Kerkhof

General Practitioners Research Institute

Alet H. Wijga

National Institute for Public Health and the Environment

Henriëtte A. Smit

University Medical Center Utrecht

Diane Kegler

Nutricia Research (Netherlands)

Saskia M. Willers

DCMR Milieudienst Rijnmond

Sakeena Haq

St. Luke's Hospital

Amir Tajbakhsh

Shiraz University of Medical Sciences

Cooperative Institutions

Nutricia Research (Netherlands)

Utrecht University

Danone (Netherlands)

Danone Nutricia Research (Netherlands)

University of Nottingham

University Medical Center Utrecht

University of Amsterdam

University of Groningen

Mashhad University of Medical Sciences

Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid

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Transcriptional analysis of adipose tissue during development reveals depot-specific responsiveness to maternal dietary supplementation

Scientific Reports (2018)

Hernan P. Fainberg Mark Birtwistle Reham I. Alagal Ahmad Alhaddad Mark Pope

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) undergoes pronounced changes after birth coincident with the loss of the BAT-specific uncoupling protein (UCP)1 and rapid fat growth. The extent to which this adaptation may vary between anatomical locations remains unknown, or whether the process is sensitive to maternal dietary supplementation. We, therefore, conducted a data mining based study on the major fat depots (i.e. epicardial, perirenal, sternal (which possess UCP1 at 7 days), subcutaneous and omental) (that do not possess UCP1) of young sheep during the first month of life. Initially we determined what effect adding 3% canola oil to the maternal diet has on mitochondrial protein abundance in those depots which possessed UCP1. This demonstrated that maternal dietary supplementation delayed the loss of mitochondrial proteins, with the amount of cytochrome C actually being increased. Using machine learning algorithms followed by weighted gene co-expression network analysis, we demonstrated that each depot could be segregated into a unique and concise set of modules containing co-expressed genes involved in adipose function. Finally using lipidomic analysis following the maternal dietary intervention, we confirmed the perirenal depot to be most responsive. These insights point at new research avenues for examining interventions to modulate fat development in early life.

Thermogenin

10.1038/s41598-018-27376-3

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Serum Visfatin and Leptin in Relation to Childhood Adiposity and Body Fat Distribution: The PIAMA Birth Cohort Study

Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism (2015)

Saskia M. Willers Bert Brunekreef Marieke Abrahamse‐Berkeveld Bert van de Heijning Eline van der Beek

Background/Aims: Visfatin has been suggested as a marker of visceral adiposity. We hypothesized that visfatin, but not leptin, would be specifically associated with visceral adiposity. We investigated the relation of serum visfatin and leptin with measures of adiposity and body fat distribution in children. Methods: Serum leptin and visfatin levels were measured in 1,022 12-year-old children participating in the PIAMA birth cohort. BMI, waist, hip and upper arm circumference were available for all children. Multiple linear regression analyses were conducted to study associations between different anthropometric indices and log serum visfatin and leptin levels. Results: All anthropometric indices showed positive and strong dose-response relationships with serum leptin. Visfatin was increased only in children with a high waist-to-hip ratio. The effect size was small compared to those observed for leptin and the association was present in overweight children (n = 133) but not in normal weight children. Conclusion: Serum leptin levels strongly increased with increasing adiposity, but were not related to a specific type of fat distribution. In contrast, serum visfatin was associated only with high waist-to-hip ratio in overweight children. Based on our study we would currently not recommend visfatin as a marker of visceral adiposity in the general population of children.

Fat distribution

10.1159/000369979

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Citations (13)

FENS News

Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism (2015)

Xiao-yu Ma Fen-qin Chen Hong Hong Xiu-juan Lv Ming Dong

10.1159/000433506

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Nutritional Programming and Later Life: The role of macronutrient quality during the first 1,000 days

Eline van der Beek

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Stress, Depression and Hippocampal Apoptosis

CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets (2006)

Paul J. Lucassen Vivi M. Heine Marianne B. Müller Eline van der Beek V.M. Wiegant

In this review, we summarize and discuss recent studies on structural plasticity changes, particularly apoptosis, in the mammalian hippocampus in relation to stress and depression. Apoptosis continues to occur, yet with very low numbers, in the adult hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) of various species. Stress and steroid exposure modulate the rate of apoptosis in the DG. Contrary to earlier studies, the impact of chronic stress on structural parameters of the hippocampus like cell number and volume, is rather modest, and requires prolonged and severe stress exposure before only small reductions ( < 10 %) become detectable. This does not exclude other structural parameters, like synaptic terminal structure, or dendritic arborization from being significantly altered in critical hippocampal subregions like the DG and/or CA3. Neither does it imply that the functional implications of the changes after stress are also modest. Of interest, most of the structural plasticity changes appear transient and are generally reversible after appropiate recovery periods, or following cessation or blockade of the stress or corticosteroid exposure. The temporary slowing down of both apoptosis and adult proliferation, i.e. the DG turnover, after chronic stress will affect the overall composition, average age and identity of DG cells, and will have considerable consequences for the connectivity, input and properties of the hippocampal circuit and thus for memory function. Modulation of apoptosis and neurogenesis, by drugs interfering with stress components like MR and/or GR, and/or mediators of the cell death cascade, may therefore provide important drug targets for the modulation of mood and memory. Keywords: mineralocorticoid receptor (MR), HPA activity, corticosteroid, hippocampus, MRI

Chronic Stress

Corticosterone

Memory Impairment

10.2174/187152706778559273

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Macronutrient Composition and Food Form Affect Glucose and Insulin Responses in Humans

Nutrients (2018)

Shila Shafaeizadeh Leilani Muhardi Christiani Jeyakumar Henry Bert van de Heijning Eline van der Beek

Glycaemic index (GI) is used as an indicator to guide consumers in making healthier food choices. We compared the GI, insulin index (II), and the area under the curve for blood glucose and insulin as glucose (GR) and insulin responses (IR) of a newly developed liquid nutritional formula with one commercially available liquid product with different types of carbohydrates. We then evaluated the glucose and insulin responses of two test foods with comparable energy density and protein percentage but presented in different food forms (liquid vs. solid). Fourteen healthy women participated in the study. GI, II, GR, and IR were assessed after (independent) consumption of two liquid products and a solid breakfast meal. The two liquid foods showed comparable GI, whilst the liquid form appeared to produce lower median GI (25 vs. 54), and II (52 vs. 98) values compared to the solid breakfast (

Glycaemic index

10.3390/nu10020188

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Growth in early life : Growth trajectory and assessment, influencing factors and impact of early nutrition

Mary Fewtrell Kim F. Michaelsen Eline van der Beek Ruurd M. van Elburg

The book provides an overview of physical growth during the first 1000 days - form conception to the age of two years, and factors that influence that trajectory. The book discussed growth challenges than can occur, form compromised birth such as preterm, term small-for-gestational-age and large for gestational age to growth deviations such as stunting and wasting, overweight and obesity in infancy and toddlerhood. Healthcare professionals will come away with an understanding f growth assessment, the role of early nutrition in growth and the appropriate interventions to support healthy growth.

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An Increased Dietary Supply of Medium-Chain Fatty Acids during Early Weaning in Rodents Prevents Excessive Fat Accumulation in Adulthood

Nutrients (2017)

Bert van de Heijning Annemarie Oosting Diane Kegler Eline van der Beek

Medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA) are a directly and readily absorbed source of energy. Exposure early-in-life to increased MCFA levels might affect development and impact (lipid) metabolism later in life. We tested whether an increased MCFA intake early-in-life positively affects adult body composition and metabolic status when challenged by a western-style diet (WSD). Male offspring of C57Bl/6j mice and Wistar rats were fed a control diet (CTRL; 10 w% fat, 14% MCFA) or a medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) diet with 20% MCFA until postnatal (PN) day 42, whereupon animals were fed a WSD (10 w% fat) until PN day 98. Body composition was monitored by Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA). In rats, glucose homeostasis was assessed by glucose tolerance test (GTT) and insulin tolerance test (ITT); in mice, the HOmeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated. At autopsy on PN day 98, plasma lipid profiles, glucose, insulin, and adipokines were measured; organs and fat pads were collected and the adipocyte size distribution was analysed. Milk analysis in mice showed that the maternal MCT diet was not translated into milk, and pups were thus only exposed to high MCT levels from early weaning onward: PN day 16 until 42. Mice exposed to MCT showed 28% less fat accumulation vs. CTRL during WSD. The average adipocyte cell size, fasting plasma triglycerides (TG), and leptin levels were reduced in MCT mice. In rats, no effects were found on the adult body composition, but the adipocyte cell size distribution shifted towards smaller adipocytes. Particularly mice showed positive effects on glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity. Increased MCFA intake early-in-life protected against the detrimental effects of an obesogenic diet in adulthood.

Energy homeostasis

10.3390/nu9060631

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ROLE OF THE BREASTMILK MICROBIOME IN COLONISATION OF THE INFANT GUT: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Christine A. Edwards Ángel Gil Eline van der Beek Marieke H. Schoemaker Susan E. Ozanne

Colonisation

Gut microbiome

10.17863/cam.26507

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P4-255: Neuroprotective effects of a specific multi-nutrient intervention against Aβ42-induced toxicity in rats

Alzheimer s & Dementia (2011)

Martijn de Wilde Botond Penke Eline van der Beek Almar A.M. Kuipers Patrick Kamphuis

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder and the most common cause of dementia. Although the exact mechanism of AD development is unknown, one of the key processes is believed to be beta-amyloid (Aß) accumulation. It is suggested that the neurotoxic cascade of Aß is initiated at neuronal membranes and that Aß-toxicity is influenced by membrane composition. Aß-toxicity has been well-studied in rats by direct infusion into the cerebrovascular system showing impaired cholinergic functioning. Substantial evidence suggests a role for nutrition in AD and that interventions with combinations of nutrients are more effective than single-nutrient interventions. The specific multi-nutrient combination Fortasyn™ Connect (FC) was shown to improve memory in AD patients. FC provides phosphatide precursors and cofactors and is designed to stimulate the formation of phospholipids, neuronal membranes and synapses. The composition comprises nucleotides, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n3 PUFA), choline, B-vitamins, phospholipids and antioxidants. Since intervention with FC is intended to stimulate membrane formation and to alter membrane composition we speculate that FC may prevent Aß-toxicity on cholinergic parameters. Rats were fed an FC-enriched or a control diet and five weeks later infused with vehicle or Aß42 into the lateral ventricle. Open field exploration was measured as quick behavioral read-out parameter ten weeks post-infusion. Thereafter, neuronal membrane fatty acid and phospholipid content was measured and immunoreactivity for the cholinergic parameters choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT) was analyzed in brain slices. Rats fed the FC diet showed increased membrane n3 PUFA and phosphatidylcholine content indicating that FC indeed stimulated membrane formation and changed membrane composition. FC intervention in Aß42-rats prevented the decline in explorative behavior and the decline in the cholinergic parameters ChAT and VAChT as seen in Aß42-rats fed the control diet. We conclude that FC protects the cholinergic system against Aß42-toxicity and speculate that the effects of FC on membrane formation and composition might be supportive for this protective effect. Based on these data a long-term human intervention study was started in the prodromal stages of AD (NTR1705, LipiDiDiet, EU FP7).

Choline

10.1016/j.jalz.2011.05.2280

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Citations (2)