Background: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a malignant clonal disorder characterized by mutations affecting myeloid differentiation, gene expression, and epigenetic profiles. Although treatment strategy depends on a genetic profile-based risk, the accuracy of this stratification system is highly variable. Changes in gene expression profiles of signaling pathways involved in hematopoietic development, such as Wnt/B-catenin, may contribute to the transformation, development, and maintenance of leukemic cells, and could be related to the clinical outcome. Methods: qRT-PCR assays were designed to quantify mRNA levels of c-Myc, and B-catenin in blood samples from nine newly diagnosed AML patients before and after treatment. 18S ribosomal RNA was used to normalize gene expression. Statistical analysis was conducted in R statistical software. Relative expression rates (rERs) were implemented to quantify relative changes in gene expression levels after induction. Results: c-Myc and B-catenin expression decreased after induction treatment. Additionally, the rERs of both genes were linearly correlated (r = 0.937, p = 0.0002), and patients who has persistence of the disease after treatment have a higher rER -in both c-Myc and B-catenin-, compared to those who achieve complete remission (c-Myc: p = 0.0066; B-catenin: p = 0.04). However, c-Myc and B-catenin rERs were greatly variable in patients who partially responded to induction. Conclusions: c-Myc and B-catenin are molecules from Wnt signaling pathway, related to activation of the molecular pathway. Patients who have a decrease in the expression of this genes are more likely to achieve complete remission than those who don't change the expression of this molecules. Further analyses are needed to determine the precise role of Wnt/B-catenin in AML therapy response. Legal entity responsible for the study: Instituto Tecnológico Metropolitano. Funding: Colciencias, grant 669-2014. Disclosure: All authors have declared no conflicts of interest.
"Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is a semiconductor material that exhibits antibacterial activity due to its photocatalytic properties under ultraviolet light. On the other hand, silver also exhibits strong antibacterial activity towards a wide range of microorganisms and TiO2 with silver addition exhibits more efficient photocatalytic properties than unmodified TiO2. In this work, TiO2 nanoparticles were synthesized by the hydrothermal method and modified with silver by two different methods: wet impregnation (Ex situ) and In situ incorporation. The antimicrobial activity of TiO2 nanoparticles synthesized and modified by both methods was evaluated against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The results showed that TiO2 nanoparticles have anatase phase. Also, spherical morphology with a mean particle size around 10.6 nm was obtained. The presence of silver in the modified TiO2 nanoparticles was confirmed by EDS and XPS. TiO2 particles modified by the Ex situ method, showed a better bactericidal activity compared to the particles modified by In situ incorporation method and TiO2 unmodified nanoparticles. This study demonstrated that both methods used to modify the titanium dioxide nanoparticles are effective as bactericidal materials and better results were found for the Ex situ method."