Cross-modal fashion synthesis and editing offer intelligent support to fashion designers by enabling the automatic generation and local modification of design drafts.While current diffusion models demonstrate commendable stability and controllability in image synthesis,they still face significant challenges in generating fashion design from abstract design elements and fine-grained editing.Abstract sensory expressions, \eg office, business, and party, form the high-level design concepts, while measurable aspects like sleeve length, collar type, and pant length are considered the low-level attributes of clothing.Controlling and editing fashion images using lengthy text descriptions poses a difficulty.In this paper, we propose HieraFashDiff,a novel fashion design method using the shared multi-stage diffusion model encompassing high-level design concepts and low-level clothing attributes in a hierarchical structure.Specifically, we categorized the input text into different levels and fed them in different time step to the diffusion model according to the criteria of professional clothing designers.HieraFashDiff allows designers to add low-level attributes after high-level prompts for interactive editing incrementally.In addition, we design a differentiable loss function in the sampling process with a mask to keep non-edit areas.Comprehensive experiments performed on our newly conducted Hierarchical fashion dataset,demonstrate that our proposed method outperforms other state-of-the-art competitors.
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a fundamental component of multicellular organisms that provides mechanical and chemical cues that orchestrate cellular and tissue organization and functions. Degradation, hyperproduction or alteration of the composition of the ECM cause or accompany numerous pathologies. Thus, a better characterization of ECM composition, metabolism, and biology can lead to the identification of novel prognostic and diagnostic markers and therapeutic opportunities. The development over the last few years of high-throughput (“omics”) approaches has considerably accelerated the pace of discovery in life sciences. In this review, we describe new bioinformatic tools and experimental strategies for ECM research, and illustrate how these tools and approaches can be exploited to provide novel insights in our understanding of ECM biology. We also introduce a web platform “the matrisome project” and the database MatrisomeDB that compiles in silico and in vivo data on the matrisome, defined as the ensemble of genes encoding ECM and ECM-associated proteins. Finally, we present a first draft of an ECM atlas built by compiling proteomics data on the ECM composition of 14 different tissues and tumor types.
Viruses that infect marine cyanobacteria–cyanophages–often carry genes with orthologs in their cyanobacterial hosts, and the frequency of these genes can vary with habitat. To explore habitat-influenced genomic diversity more deeply, we used the genomes of 28 cultured cyanomyoviruses as references to identify phage genes in three ocean habitats. Only about 6–11% of genes were consistently observed in the wild, revealing high gene-content variability in these populations. Numerous shared phage/host genes differed in relative frequency between environments, including genes related to phosphorous acquisition, photorespiration, photosynthesis and the pentose phosphate pathway, possibly reflecting environmental selection for these genes in cyanomyovirus genomes. The strongest emergent signal was related to phosphorous availability; a higher fraction of genomes from relatively low-phosphorus environments–the Sargasso and Mediterranean Sea–contained host-like phosphorus assimilation genes compared with those from the N. Pacific Gyre. These genes are known to be upregulated when the host is phosphorous starved, a response mediated by pho box motifs in phage genomes that bind a host regulatory protein. Eleven cyanomyoviruses have predicted pho boxes upstream of the phosphate-acquisition genes pstS and phoA; eight of these have a conserved cyanophage-specific gene (PhCOG173) between the pho box and pstS. PhCOG173 is also found upstream of other shared phage/host genes, suggesting a unique regulatory role. Pho boxes are found upstream of high light-inducible (hli) genes in cyanomyoviruses, suggesting that this motif may have a broader role than regulating phosphorous-stress responses in infected hosts or that these hlis are involved in the phosphorous-stress response.
Acid rain is a problem of increasing agricultural,environmental,and ecological concerns worldwide.At present NOX emission has exceeded SO2 in eastern China.The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible effects of simulated acid rain with lower S/N ratio on gas exchange and membrane system of three dominant trees in subtropical forests.One-year-old seedlings of Cinnamomum camphora,Schima superba and Liquidambar formosana were transplanted into pots with the local soil(yellow-red soil) at Tiantong National Station of Forest Ecosystem,Zhejiang Province.The molar ratio of sulfate to nitrate of the simulated acid rain used in our study was 1.58∶1,similar to the ratio of NO-3 and SO2-4 in ambient rainfall in Zhejiang.Seedlings were treated with simulated acid rain of pH 2.5 or 3.5,respectively,every other day from April 15 to August 24 in 2009,and local reservoir water of pH 5.0-5.4 as the control.All of the pots were laid in a greenhouse to exclude ambient rainfall.Gas exchange parameters were determined with a Li-6400XT portable photosynthesis system at late July.Photosynthetic pigment contents,membrane penetration and malondialdehyde(MDA) content in leaves were also investigated at the end of the experiment.No significant difference was observed in these parameters with the treatment of pH 3.5 acid rain for all three species,while pH 2.5 treatment altered gas exchange parameters,including net photosynthetic rate(Pn),stomata conductance(Gs),transpiration rate(Tr) and water use efficiency(WUE).The Pn of C.camphora,S.superba and L.formosana under pH 2.5 treatment declined by 16.0%,31.7% and 15.7%,respectively.Membrane penetration and MDA contents in the seedling leaves of three species were increased significantly.Compared with the controls,the membrane penetration in leaves of C.camphora,S.superba and L.formosana under pH 2.5 treatment were increased by 28.6%,38.8% and 39.6%,and MDA contents were enhanced by 31.6%,35.1% and 35.2%,respectively(n=12,P0.05),suggesting that the decrease of photosynthetic activity was probably caused by non-stomatal factors in combination with stomatal closure.Treated with nitrogen fertilizer,total chlorophyll content of the leaves were increased by 4.0%-29.2%,and net photosynthetic rate on the basis of chlorophyll content declined significantly under pH 2.5 acid rain treatment,ranging from 22.7% to 43.4%,depending on the species.Based on the results,we conclude that acid rain treatments can induce partial closing of stomata,damage membrane system and decrease photosynthetic activity of plants,and lower S/N ratio may mitigate such negative effects compared with the treatment of higher S/N ratio.Furthermore,C.camphora has the best capacity to acclimate to acid rain stress followed by L.formosana and S.superba.This study improves our understandings in effects of acid rain on plant growth under lower S/N ratio.
Whole-exome sequencing of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) could enable comprehensive profiling of tumors from blood but the genome-wide concordance between cfDNA and tumor biopsies is uncertain. Here we report ichorCNA, software that quantifies tumor content in cfDNA from 0.1× coverage whole-genome sequencing data without prior knowledge of tumor mutations. We apply ichorCNA to 1439 blood samples from 520 patients with metastatic prostate or breast cancers. In the earliest tested sample for each patient, 34% of patients have ≥10% tumor-derived cfDNA, sufficient for standard coverage whole-exome sequencing. Using whole-exome sequencing, we validate the concordance of clonal somatic mutations (88%), copy number alterations (80%), mutational signatures, and neoantigens between cfDNA and matched tumor biopsies from 41 patients with ≥10% cfDNA tumor content. In summary, we provide methods to identify patients eligible for comprehensive cfDNA profiling, revealing its applicability to many patients, and demonstrate high concordance of cfDNA and metastatic tumor whole-exome sequencing.
Having the occupation system and the action standard of his specialization,his occupation standard has extensively been recognized by the society with the achievement society occupation that along with the development of market economy,the enterprise business administration has become science and professional extremely strong gradually.The swift and violent state of our country economy market development,will strengthen occupation manager person cultivate and raise this great subject of occupation manager person character increasingly urgently putting in face of people.
