Prasanta K. Kalita

University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign

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Rabin Bhattarai

University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign

Richard A. Cooke

University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign

Md. Monjurul Alam

Bangladesh Agricultural University

Chayan Kumer Saha

Bangladesh Agricultural University

Alan C. Hansen

University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign

Paul Davidson

University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign

Mark S. Kuhlenschmidt

University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign

Niels G Svendsen

United States Army

S. Sarkar

Bangladesh Institute of Development Studies

D. Yogi Goswami

Krantiguru Shyamji Krishna Verma Kachchh University

Cooperative Institutions

McGill University

Université de Montréal

Instituto Politécnico Nacional

Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue

UniLaSalle

University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign

Kansas State University

Urbana University

Bangladesh Agricultural University

Indian Institute of Technology Delhi

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Evaluation of Ditch Checks for Sediment Retention

Civil engineering studies. Transportation engineering series (2016)

Rabin Bhattarai Prasanta K. Kalita Carlos Bulnes García Joseph Monical Paul Schumacher

Construction activities generally involve significant land disturbances, leaving the soil unprotected and more susceptible to erosion, which may in turn adversely affect the surrounding environment. The lack of quantitative and qualitative data on erosion and sediment control product performance using standardized evaluation methodologies under locally relevant climate and soil conditions makes it difficult to appropriately select the most suitable erosion and sediment control best management practices (BMPs). During roadside construction, ditches are often impacted and may be left bare of vegetation throughout the duration of the construction project. As rain hits this bare soil, it tends to heavily erode the ditch, carrying large quantities of sediment in runoff. This sediment is then free to enter larger water systems, which is a detriment environmentally and economically, and could be harmful to human health. At the Erosion Control Research and Training Center (ECRTC) at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, a series of tests were conducted to analyze the effectiveness of various ditch checks to ensure they could be used in real-life construction sites to mitigate soil transport. The tests were conducted to determine their practicality in field use. The goal of these tests were to examine how well they reduce sediment leaving the ditch and how much ponding occurs, as well as other criteria of interest to the Illinois Department of Transportation (IDOT). The test was performed following protocols designed by the University of Illinois in consultation with IDOT. Because there is currently a lack of products available for contractors to use on IDOT construction jobs, the importance of this test cannot be overstated. The tests were performed to determine whether a new product could be feasibly used.

Ditch

Erosion Control

Sediment control

Source

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Citations (2)

Predicting the Water Requirement for Rice Production as Affected by Projected Climate Change in Bihar, India

Water (2020)

Ranjeet Kumar Jha Prasanta K. Kalita Richard A. Cooke Praveen Kumar Paul Davidson

Climate change is a well-known phenomenon all over the globe. The influence of projected climate change on agricultural production, either positive or negative, can be assessed for various locations. The present study was conducted to investigate the impact of projected climate change on rice’s production, water demand and phenology for the state of Bihar, India. Furthermore, this study assessed the irrigation water requirement to increase the rice production by 60%, for the existing current climate scenario and all the four IPCC climate change scenarios (RCP 2.6, RCP 4.5, RCP 6.0 and RCP 8.5) by the 2050s (2050–2059). Various management practices were used as adaptation methods to analyze the requirement of irrigation water for a 60% increase in rice production. The climate data obtained from the four General Circulation Models (GCMs) (bcc_csm1.1, csiro_mk3_6_0, ipsl_cm5a_mr and miroc_miroc5) were used in the crop growth model, with the Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer (DSSAT) used to simulate the rice yield, phenological days and water demand under all four climate change scenarios. The results obtained from the CERES-Rice model in the DSSAT, corresponding to all four GCMs, were ensembled together to obtain the overall change in yield, phenology and water demand for 10 years of interval from 2020 to 2059. We investigated several strategies: increasing the rice’s yield by 60% with current agronomic practice; increasing the yield by 60% with conservation agricultural practice; and increasing the rice yield by 30% with current agronomic practice as well as with conservation agricultural practices (assuming that the other 30% increase in yield would be achieved by reducing post-harvest losses by 30%). The average increase in precipitation between 2020 and 2059 was observed to be 5.23%, 13.96%, 9.30% and 9.29%, respectively, for RCP 2.6, RCP 4.5, RCP 6.0 and RCP 8.5. The decrease in yield during the 2050s, from the baseline period (1980–2004), was observed to be 2.94%, 3.87%, 4.02% and 5.84% for RCP 2.6, RCP 4.5, RCP 6.0 and RCP 8.5, respectively. The irrigation requirement was predicted to increase by a range of 39% to 45% for a 60% increase in yield using the current agronomic practice in current climate scenario and by 2050s with all the four climate change scenarios from the baseline period (1980–2004). We found that if we combine both conservation agriculture and removal of 30% of the post-harvest losses, the irrigation requirement would be reduced by 26% (45 to 19%), 20% (44 to 24%), 21% (43 to 22%), 22% (39 to 17%) and 20% (41 to 21%) with current climate scenario, RCP 2.6, RCP 4.5, RCP 6.0 and RCP 8.5 conditions, respectively. This combination of conservation practices suggests that the irrigation water requirement can be reduced by a large percentage, even if we produce 60% more food under the projected climate change conditions.

DSSAT

Climate change scenario

Representative Concentration Pathways

10.3390/w12123312

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Citations (9)

Heterogeneous endotoxin detection bioassay using drug–nanoparticle bioconjugates: an optimization study

Molecular Systems Design & Engineering (2017)

Prasanta K. Kalita Ashwin Bhola Nitish Goel Venkataraman Sritharan Shalini Gupta

Design and development of a simple and ultrasensitive dot blot bioassay for endotoxin detection in serum.

10.1039/c7me00037e

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Citations (2)

Conservation Machinery for Planting of Mungbean and Jute in the Southern Region of Bangladesh

2018 Detroit, Michigan July 29 - August 1, 2018 (2018)

Md. Israil Hossain Md. Nurul Amin Md. Monjurul Alam Chayan Kumer Saha Prasanta K. Kalita

Abstract. Southern region of Bangladesh is characterized by unfavorable ecosystem such as heavy rain, storm, salinity, water scarcity in dry season. Agricultural machinery especially conservation machinery is less practiced in this region. Mungbean and jute were planted at farmers‘ fields of Barishal and Khulna districts, respectively. The zero till planter (ZT), strip till planter (ST), bed planter (BP) and power tiller operated seeder (PTOS) along with conventional tilling were used for planting of mungbean and ST, PTOS along with conventional tillage cum broadcasting and conventional tillage cum jute seedling transplanting method were used for planting of jute. The effective field capacities of ZT, ST, BP, PTOS and power tiller for mungbean planting were 0.097, 0.104, 0.082, 0.111, and 0.081 ha h^-1. The effective field capacities of ST, PTOS and power tiller for jute planting in dryland and wetland tillage were found 0.098, 0.099, 0.100 and 0.096 ha h^-1.Fuel saving by ZT, ST, BP, and PTOS was about 60% to 75% than that of power tiller. Significantly the highest grain yields of mungbean were found from zero till and strip till planted methods than those of other methods. Dry stalk and fiber yields were found from PTOS planted jute followed by strip till and conventional tillage cum broadcasting jutes. The highest benefit cost ratio (BCR) for planting of mungbean was obtained from ST (2.60) and ZT (2.40) followed by other methods. For planting of jute the highest BCR was obtained from PTOS (2.54) and ST (2.31) methods.Therefore, ZT and the ST may be recommended in Barishal region for planting of mungbean and PTOS and the ST in Khulna region for planting of jute.

Tiller (botany)

Transplanting

Conventional tillage

Seeder

Seedbed

10.13031/aim.201800679

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Overland and Near‐Surface Transport ofCryptosporidium parvumfrom Vegetated and Nonvegetated Surfaces

Journal of Environmental Quality (2004)

Jennifer R. Trask Prasanta K. Kalita Mark S. Kuhlenschmidt Ronald D. Smith T. L. Funk

ABSTRACT Understanding microbial pathogen transport patterns in overland flow is important for developing best management practices for limiting microbial transport to water resources. Knowledge about the effectiveness of vegetative filter strips (VFS) to reduce pathogen transport from livestock confinement areas is limited. In this study, overland and near‐surface transport of Cryptosporidium parvum has been investigated. Effects of land slopes, vegetation, and rainfall intensities on oocyst transport were examined using a tilting soil chamber with two compartments, one with bare ground and the other with brome ( Bromus inermis Leyss.) vegetation. Three slope conditions (1.5, 3.0, and 4.5%) were used in conjunction with two rainfall intensities (25.4 and 63.5 mm/h) for 44 min using a rainfall simulator. The vegetative surface was very effective in reducing C. parvum in surface runoff. For the 25.4 mm/h rainfall, the total percent recovery of oocysts in overland flow from the VFS varied from 0.6 to 1.7%, while those from the bare ground condition varied from 4.4 to 14.5%. For the 63.5 mm/h rainfall, the recovery percentages of oocysts varied from 0.8 to 27.2% from the VFS, and 5.3 to 59% from bare‐ground conditions. For all slopes and rainfall intensities, the total (combining both surface and near‐surface) recovery of C. parvum oocysts was considerably less from the vegetated surface than those from the bare‐ground conditions. These results indicate that the VFS can be a best management practice for controlling C. parvum in runoff from animal production facilities.

Cryptosporidium parvum

10.2134/jeq2004.0984

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Citations (60)

Overland Transport of Rotavirus and the Effect of Soil Type and Vegetation

Water (2016)

Paul Davidson Theresa B. Kuhlenschmidt Rabin Bhattarai Prasanta K. Kalita Mark S. Kuhlenschmidt

Soil and vegetation are two critical factors for controlling the overland transport kinetics of pathogens in a natural environment. With livestock operations moving more towards concentrated animal operations, the need to dispose of a very large amount of manure in a localized area is becoming increasingly important. Animal manure contains a substantial amount of microbial pathogens, including rotavirus, which may pose a threat of contamination of water resources. This study examined the kinetics of rotavirus in overland transport, with an overall objective of optimizing the design of best management practices, especially vegetative filter strips. The overland transport of rotavirus was studied using three soil types (Catlin silt-loam, Darwin silty-clay, Alvin fine sandy-loam), spanning the entire spectrum of typical Illinois soil textures. A 20-min rainfall event was produced using a small-scale (1.07 m × 0.66 m) laboratory rainfall simulator over a soil box measuring 0.610 m × 0.305 m. Each soil type was tested for rotavirus transport kinetics with bare surface conditions, as well as with Smooth Brome and Fescue vegetative covers. Surface runoff, near-surface runoff, soil cores, and vegetation were each analyzed for infective rotavirus particles using cell-culture infectivity assays. Results show that vegetation reduces the recovery of infective rotavirus particles in surface runoff by an average of 73%, in addition to delaying the time to peak recovery. The vegetation, in general, appeared to decrease the recovery of infective rotavirus particles in surface runoff by impeding surface flow and increasing the potential for infiltration into the soil profile.

Infiltration (HVAC)

10.3390/w8030078

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Citations (9)

Assessment of water quality in Little Vermillion River watershed using principal component and nearest neighbor analyses

Water Science & Technology Water Supply (2014)

Shiyang Li Rabin Bhattarai Li Wang Richard A. Cooke Fang Ma

Because of increased use of fertilizers to feed the increasing global population, the nutrient loads in surface and subsurface water have increased substantially in the last few decades. Many studies have been conducted to investigate the factors affecting nitrate load in surface and subsurface flow. The objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between the various factors affecting nitrate transport using principal component analysis (PCA) and nearest neighborhood analysis methods. Hydrological and biogeochemical data from a small (<500 km2) agricultural watershed in east central Illinois, USA for the duration of 10 years have been used in this study. The PCA approach divided various factors that influence nitrate transport into three principal components. The first component contained air temperature, cover phenotype, evapotranspiration, cover factor and dry mass factors. The second component contained precipitation and flow, which was defined as the hydrologic component. The third component included tillage practices and nitrogen application and was termed the anthropogenic component. The results from the PCA approach suggested all three components had significant influence on nitrate transportation and transformation. Among these three components, the hydrological components had the highest contribution on both surface and subsurface nitrate load. The nearest neighborhood analysis yielded a similar conclusion.

Base flow

Subsurface Flow

Biogeochemical Cycle

10.2166/ws.2014.117

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Citations (4)

Agricultural Nitrogen Budget for a Long-Term Row Crop Production System in the Midwest USA

Agronomy (2020)

Sanku Dattamudi Prasanta K. Kalita Saoli Chanda Abdulaziz S. Alquwaizany B. S. Sidhu

In the Midwestern United States, subsurface drainage (commonly known as tile drains) systems have been extensively used for sustaining agricultural production. However, the tile drains have raised concerns of facilitating the transport of agricultural chemicals from the fields to receiving waters. Data from a long-term field experiment in the Little Vermilion River (LVR) watershed of east-central Illinois, USA, shows that the tile drain systems have contributed to increased nitrate N (NO3-N) to the receiving water body, Georgetown Lake Reservoir, over time. We conducted more than 10 years of research on fate and transport of NO3-N in tile drain water, surface runoff and soil N. Corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max L.) were planted in rotation for this watershed. We evaluated N balance (inputs and outputs) and transfer (runoff and leaching) components from three sites with both surface and subsurface flow stations within this watershed, and N budgets for individual sites were developed. Nitrogen fertilizer application (average 192 kg ha−1 y−1) and soil N mineralization (average 88 kg ha−1 y−1) were the major N inputs for corn and soybean, respectively in this watershed. Plant N uptake was the major N output for both crops during this entire study period. Annual N uptake for the LVR watershed ranged from +39 to +148 (average +93) kg ha−1 and −63 to +5 (average −32) kg ha−1, respectively, for corn and soybeans. This data indicates that most of the soil mineralized N was used during soybean production years, while corn production years added extra N in the soil. Surface runoff from the watershed was negligible, however, subsurface leaching through tile drains removed about 18% of the total rainfall. Average NO3-N concentrations of leaching water at sites A (15 mg L−1) and B (16.5 mg L−1) exceeded maximum contaminant level (MCL; 10 mg L−1) throughout the experiment. However, NO3-N concentrations from site E (6.9 mg L−1) never exceeded MCL possibly because 15–22% lower N was received at this site. We estimated that the average corn grain yield would need to be 28% higher to remove the additional N from this watershed. Our study suggests that N application schemes of the LVR watershed need to be reevaluated for better N management, optimum crop production, and overall environmental sustainability.

Tile drainage

Nitrogen balance

Crop Rotation

DNS root zone

10.3390/agronomy10111622

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Citations (8)

Climate Change - Recent Observations [Working Title]

IntechOpen eBooks (2022)

Abdul Aslam Fatima Farooq Yosune Miquelajauregui Adela Madariaga-Fregoso Kumar Pallab

Sea ice monitoring is helpful to the research of the Arctic channels and climate environment.Through echo signal classification, re-tracking correction, and other techniques, data from the Cryosat-2 radar altimetry satellite between 2010 and 2020 facilitated the retrieval of Arctic sea-ice thickness and volume.The study subsequently analyzed the variations in the average thickness and volume of first-year ice and multi-year ice in the Arctic sea ice over the past decade.In the past decade, the volume of sea ice in the Arctic region fluctuates slightly.The multiyear ice changed greatly in 2013, while the first-year ice shows an increased rate of both winter growth and summer ablation.The presence of uncertainties arising from the fluctuations in sea ice density values and the intricate patterns of Arctic circulation might impart subtle biases in the measurements of sea ice thickness.However, the sea ice freeboard and thickness data inverted based on the Cryosat-2 data were validated by the data obtained through the Operation Ice Bridge (OIB), and the validation results indicated that they are correspondent.

10.5772/intechopen.100703

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Citations (0)

Simulation of base-flow and tile-flow for storm events in a subsurface drained watershed

Biosystems Engineering (2008)

D. Yogi Goswami Prasanta K. Kalita

Tile drainage

Ditch

Base flow

Subsurface Flow

10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2008.11.004

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Citations (11)