There are few reports on the outcome of relapsed cases after curative resection for colorectal cancer(CRC) with adjuvant oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy. Thus, we analyzed such cases.In total, 48 patients with CRC who received oxaliplatin-based postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy from 2012 were analyzed. The clinical course was examined in 9 cases ofrecurrence.Stages II, III a, and III b(1, 3, and 5 cases, respectively)were judged as recurrence in 9 cases. Metastatic sites were the lungs, local sites, liver, and peritoneum(3, 3, 3, and 1 case[s], respectively). The median time to relapse was 390 days. There were 2 cases ofwild -type RAS and 7 cases ofmutant RAS. Although R0 resection was performed in 1 case, re-relapse was recognized. Another 8 cases involved induced chemotherapy. An oxaliplatin-based regimen was administered as first-line treatment in 4 of8 cases. At present, 5 patients died, and 3 of8 cases could not progress to second-line treatment. The overall survival(OS)after relapse was 475 days, and survival more than 3 years was not observed.Recurrent cases after Cur A resection for CRC with oxaliplatin-based adjuvant chemotherapy were examined. Although the 3-year RFS and 5-year OS were relatively good, the prognosis after relapse was quite poor.
We prove a critical Hardy inequality on the half-space by using the harmonic transplantation. Also we give an improvement of the subcritical Hardy inequality on the half-space, which converges to the critical Hardy inequality. Sobolev type inequalities are also discussed.
From photorealistic sketches to schematic diagrams, drawing provides a versatile medium for communicating about the visual world. How do images spanning such a broad range of appearances reliably convey meaning? Do viewers understand drawings based solely on their ability to resemble the entities they refer to (i.e., as images), or do they understand drawings based on shared but arbitrary associations with these entities (i.e., as symbols)? In this paper, we provide evidence for a cognitive account of pictorial meaning in which both visual and social information is integrated to support effective visual communication. To evaluate this account, we used a communication task where pairs of participants used drawings to repeatedly communicate the identity of a target object among multiple distractor objects. We manipulated social cues across three experiments and a full internal replication, finding pairs of participants develop referent-specific and interaction-specific strategies for communicating more efficiently over time, going beyond what could be explained by either task practice or a pure resemblance-based account alone. Using a combination of model-based image analyses and crowdsourced sketch annotations, we further determined that drawings did not drift toward arbitrariness, as predicted by a pure convention-based account, but systematically preserved those visual features that were most distinctive of the target object. Taken together, these findings advance theories of pictorial meaning and have implications for how successful graphical conventions emerge via complex interactions between visual perception, communicative experience, and social context.
Introduction: The clinicopathological significance of poorly differentiated cluster (PDC) at the invasive front in colorectal cancer (CRC) has been reported. We analyzed whether PDC reflects malignant findings in patients with CRC invading beyond the muscle layer.
ABSTRACT Aim Pseudoaldosteronism is a known side‐effect of licorice, and J apanese traditional K ampo medicine is one of the major areas of use of licorice in J apan. Multidrug resistance protein 2 ( Mrp 2) dysfunction is important for pseudoaldosteronism. Congenital deficiency of Mrp2 causes constitutional jaundice with elevated direct bilirubin. Hence, elevated direct bilirubin can be a biomarker of Mrp2 dysfunction. The relationship between pseudoaldosteronism and elevated direct bilirubin, however, has not been studied as yet. The aim of the present study was therefore to evaluate the relationship between elevated direct bilirubin and hypokalemia, an important characteristic of pseudoaldosteronism. Methods This retrospective observational study included patients who first visited the K ampo C linic at K eio U niversity H ospital between M ay 2008 and M arch 2015. Inclusion criteria were K ampo formulas including licorice prescribed for >2 weeks, and availability of laboratory data on direct bilirubin and change in serum potassium. Results Data from 243 patients (57 men, 186 women) were used in the analysis. Mean age was 52.0 ± 16.2 years. Hypokalemia was noted in three patients (1.3%), among whom elevated direct bilirubin was noted in two (0.9%). The remaining patient with hypokalemia was diagnosed with pseudo‐ B artter's syndrome because of loop diuretic use. The remaining 240 patients had neither hypokalemia nor elevated direct bilirubin ( P = 0.0001, F isher's exact test). Conclusion Elevated direct bilirubin is an important predictor of pseudoaldosteronism.
From an early age, humans are capable of learning about their social environment, making predictions of how other agents will operate and decisions about how they themselves will interact. In this work, we address the problem of formalizing the learning principles underlying these abilities. We construct a curious neural agent that can efficiently learn predictive models of social environments that are rich with external agents inspired by real-world animate behaviors such as peekaboo, chasing, and mimicry. Our curious neural agent consists of a controller driven by gamma-Progress, a scalable and effective curiosity signal, and a disentangled world model that allocates separate networks for interdependent components of the world. We show that our disentangled curiosity-driven agent achieves higher learning efficiency and prediction performance than strong baselines. Crucially, we find that a preference for animate attention emerges naturally in our model, and is a key driver of performance. Finally we discuss future directions including applications of our framework to modeling human behavior and designing early indicators for developmental variability.
Seventy-one full-term normal newborns were studied at the age of 5-7 days. A 0.1% tartrate or a 0.25% saline solution was given to each infant after 1-2 min of breast or bottle feeding and then the same solutions were once more given to the same subjects. Sucking rhythm was recorded and the infants' behavioral reactions were observed by examiners and analyzed on videotape. There were individual differences in the newborn's response to taste. Infants showed a similar response tendency to tartaric acid and saline solution, when given on two different occasions, respectively. But generally they reacted more strongly to saline than to tartrate. Next, sucking response to taste was studied in 20 infants once a month from birth until 5 months old. Five of them had severe brain damage and the other 15 infants were normal. The methods used were the same as those described in part 1. All 5 infants with severe brain damage initially showed a strong reaction and then a decrease of reaction. Fourteen normal infants were followed until 5 months of age: 12 of them showed a decrease of reaction between 1 and 5 months. Most of them showed decrement between 3 and 5 months. From our results, sucking response to taste in the newborns is assumed to be a subcortical reflex and not a cortically recognizable one. It might be called a primitive sucking response, which gradually decreases like any other primitive reflex does.
