This study reports on T‐cell proliferative responses to the 19‐kDa C‐terminal domain of the Plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface protein (MSP1 19 ). Three different recombinant proteins were used: an Escherichia coli product expressing the first EGF‐like domain and Saccharomyces cerevisiae and baculovirus/insect‐cell‐produced proteins containing both EGF‐like domains, the latter protein being produced with or without N ‐glycosylation. Cell donors were P. falciparum ‐immune adults with no recent history of clinical malaria and recruited from three Senegalese settings with different epidemiological parasite transmission. Each mononuclear‐blood‐cell preparation was stimulated with a range of concentrations of the three proteins. Most subjects’ mononuclear cells were reactive to at least one protein, but significant differences in lymphoproliferation were seen between the settings and within individual cultures depending on the protein source and concentration. Importantly, lymphoproliferation indices correlated inversely with the intensity of P. falciparum malaria transmission. When purified T lymphocytes were cultured in the presence of MSP1 19 plus autologous monocytes, B lymphocytes or a proposed CD1 + dendritic‐cell population as costimulatory cells, significant differences were observed depending on the individual's previous exposure to parasites. This study shows that the stimulation of lymphocyte proliferation in vitro with MSP1 19 depends on several factors, including epidemiological conditions and protein preparations.
This paper describes a precise method of gene titration as applied to the alpha- and beta-globin genes in the mouse. The three salient features of the method are: (i) the use of saturation hybridization in probe cDNA excess, (ii) the use of highly purified cDNA probes prepared by preparative hybridization with cloned globin sequences (Longacre and Mach (1978) J. Biol. Chem. 253, 7500) and (iii) the use of cloned globin sequences to calibrate the system internally. The results indicate that there are two genes for alpha-globin and two genes for beta-globin in the BALB/c mouse. The significance of these results are discussed in relation to other data regarding adult and embryonic globin genes.
African trypanosomes resist the immune response of their mammalian hosts by varying the surface glycoprotein which constitutes their antigenic identity. The molecular mechanism of this antigenic variation involves the successive activation of a series of genes which code for different variant surface glycoproteins (VSGs). We have studied the expression of two VSG genes (those of VSG-1 and VSG-28) in Trypanosoma equiperdum, and we report the following findings. (i) The expression of both VSG genes is associated with the duplication and transposition of corresponding basic copy genes. (ii) The duplicated transposed copy appears to be the expressed copy. (iii) Although there are multiple genes which cross-hybridize with the VSG-1 cDNA probe, only one of these appears to be used as a template for the expression-linked copy in four independent BoTat-1 clones. (iv) Analysis of the genomic environments of the expressed VSG-1 genes from each of four independently derived BoTat-1 trypanosome clones revealed that there are at least three different sites into which the expression-linked copy can be inserted.