AIM: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of cefpiramide in the treatment of lower respiratory tract infection. METHODS: Forty two patients [M 27,F 15;age(62± s 11) a] with lower respiratory tract infection received cefpiramide 2g,iv,gtt bid for 7 10 d. RESULTS: Among forty two patients sputum bacterial culture was positive in thirty four patients (81%) and Gram Negative bacillus 97%.The positive rate of β latamase of pathogenic bacterium was 66%. The effective rate was 74%. Bacterial clearance rate was 56%. The adverse reaction rate was 2%. CONCLUSION: Cefpiramide is an effective and safe antibacterial in the treatment of lower respiratory tract infection.
Infrared (IR) detectors play a critical role in both military and civilian applications and have been widely researched in recent decade. Because the atmospheric transparent windows for the IR radiation exist within the spectral ranges of 3−5 and 8−12 μm, and the spectrum of the black-body radiation at room temperature has a peak at 10 μm, the detectors with the 8-12 μm detection spectra are helpful to identify the heat radiation from a target at room temperature. Such detectors are the research focus in this chapter. The employment of intersubband transitions for the infrared radiation detection has drawn much attention. The transition is completed by the electrons which absorb photons with the appropriate energy equal to the suband energy difference to transit from the low subband to the high one. The intersubband photodetectors can be made from semiconductor heterostructures of multiple quantum wells (West & Eglash, 1985) (Harwit & Harris Jr., 1987) ( Levine et al., 1987) or superlattices as shown in Fig. 1. Infrared detection will be done by the intersubband transitions between two quantum states in the multiple quantum wells or two minibands in the superlattices. The wells are sandwiched by thick barriers in the multiple quantum well structure. Therefore electron wavefunctions in the wells would not interact with each others and discrete quantum states are formed. Contrarily, the adjacent wells in the superlattice are separated by thin barriers. Minibands are formed in the superlattice region by the coupling of electron wavefunctions. As shown in Fig. 1, in comparison with the quantum well infrared photodetectors (QWIPs), superlattice infrared photodetectors (SLIPs) have three different characteristics. The first one is the low operational bias. The electrons in the miniband of the superlattice (SL) are conductive while those in the quantum states of the multiple quantum wells (MQWs) are confined. The SL hence becomes a low resistance structure and thus no externally applied bias drops on the SL under low bias range. Therefore, the current blocking layer is needed to decrease the dark current in SLIPs and can determine the operational bias range. 6
This chapter provides an overview of the complex interplay between epigenetic and metabolic alterations in cancer cells. It discusses the molecular mechanism(s) that mediate their interaction and how the interactions could be therapeutically targeted to inhibit cancer initiation and progression. The chapter focuses on studies published over the past three years to provide a timely update to our previously published review on this subject. Emerging studies have revealed that epigenetic regulation of gene expression and cellular metabolism are highly intertwined. Epigenetic regulation of gene expression comprises a multitude of mechanisms, including DNA methylation, histone modifications and non-coding RNAs. An alteration in cellular metabolism is a fundamental property of cancer cells that enables them to meet the high metabolic demands of continued proliferation, despite the limited resources within the hostile tumor microenvironment. The epigenome is tightly regulated by the action of epigenetic modification enzymes. The reactions that they catalyze often require appropriate levels of substrates or essential cofactors.
The preparation technology of RO membrane has been studied.By irregular shaped porous spinneret,the aramid hollow fiber RO membrane is spinned directly with raw material in one step. The conclusions of this study is that the RO membrane with 90%of salt rejection and 0.7 mL/(cm 2·h) of water flux could be obtained by the regulation of spinning solution viscosity,the kind and amount of additive,speed of extrusion,and the conditions of evaporation and solidification. And this kind of RO membrane will play an important role in treatment of industrial water,purification of drinking water,preparation of ultrapure water,etc.
Soil exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) are commonly used to assess soil sodicity.Correlation between ESP and SAR of saturated pasted extract (SAR e) or of 1:5 (m:m) mixture soil to water (SAR 1:5) has been documented to predict ESP from SAR.However limited studies have been undertaken to model soil ESP based on soil SAR in the Songnen Plain,Northeast China.In this study,117 soil samples were used to predict ESP from SAR e and SAR 1:5 of salt-affected soils in western Songnen Plain.Soil ESP was highly related (r 2 0.76,P 0.001) with SAR e and SAR 1:5.ESP of salt-affected soils in the Songnen Plain could be predicted using a logarithmic regression equations of ESP=10.72 · ln(SAR e) 15.36 and ESP=11.44 · ln(SAR 1:5) + 5.48.
Objective To investigate the change of HR,RR and arterial blood gas in the treatment of BiPAP ventilation in patients with acute pulmonary.Methods Fifty eight patients with acute pulmonary edema were randomized into two groups.The control group(n =29)were given conventional general treatment only,but treatment group(n =29)were given BiPAP ventilation besides conventional treatment.4 h later,heart rate (HR),respiratory rate(RR),SaO2,pH,PaO2 and PaCO2 were compared between the two groups.Hospitalization duration and incidence of invasive mechanical ventilation were recorded after discharge.Results Compared with pre-treatment,HR,RR,SaO2 and PaO2 in treatment group were improved significantly(HR 124 ± 12 beat/min vs 83 ±6 beat/min,t =5.372,P ＜0.01)(RR 37 ±5 beat/min vs 19 ± 8 beat/min,t =4.285,P ＜0.01)(SaO2 81.4％ ±5.4％ vs94.1％ ±4.2％,t=2.731,P＜0.05)(PaO2 53.2±5.4 mm Hg vs 89.1 ±8.5 mm Hg,t=5.763,P ＜0.O1).And these four indicators were also improved in control group after treatment,(HR 123 ± 10 beat/min vs 95 ± 8 beat/min,t =t =3.459,P ＜ 0.01)(RR 36 ± 7 beat/min vs 24 ± 6 beat/min,t =3.127,P ＜0.01)(SaO2 81.8％ ±5.7％ vs 88.3 ±4.5％％,t =2.314,P ＜0.05)(PaO2 53.5 ±4.6 mm Hg vs 72.8 ±9.5 mm Hg,t =3.756,P ＜0.01).HR,RR,SaO2 and PaO2 in treatment group were more significantly improved than that of control group(P ＜ 0.01 or P ＜ 0.05).Hospitalization duration in treatment group was significantly shorter than that of control group(9 d vs 15 d,t =3.763,P ＜ 0.01).The incidence of invasive ventilation were lower than that of control group too(but P ＞ 0.05.Conclusion These results suggested that BiPAP ventilation can regulate HR RR and blood gas value to accetable levels,shorten hoptipitalization duration and reduce the incidence of invasive ventilation.It is proved to be an effective therapeutic technique in the treatment of acute pulmonary edema patients.
Key words:
Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation; Acute pulmonary edema; Blood gas analysis
The mechanical behavior of wheel-tract system in the new light train with rubber felloe is different to that with steel wheels.Also,it is not the same with the mechanical behavior of wheel-ground system of vehicle.Numerical analysis has been conducted to study the mechanical behavior of the new wheel-tract system based on a parameterized rigid-flexible wheel-rail contact model.Deformations of three dimensions of the wheel have been obtained.An equivalent stiffness is introduced to reflect the relationship between the rubber deformation and load.Through this equivalent stiffness,the mechanical model of wheel-tract system in the new light train with rubber wheels can is simplified by treated the rubber wheel as a tri-axial spring.
The physical and chemical characteritics as well as biological activities of three lots of secretory rhGM CSF were detected during pilot fermentation and purification process,which were from stock solution and semi final products.The results showed that all the quality indexes of three lots confirmed with.Chinese Requiremennts for Biologicals(published 2000).It indicates that the manufacture procedure is well disigned and resonable arranged,and the quality of our prepared rhGM CSF has reached to the standazation for international advanced level.
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