HBB-deficient Macaca fascicularis monkey presents with human β-thalassemiaDear Editor, β-Thalassemia is a common severe genetic disease caused by mutations in HBB and affects approximately 1.5% of the global population (Origa, 2017).In southern China, the carrier rate of β-thalassemia is as high as 6.43%, creating a high socio-economic burden (Xiong et al., 2010).In adult humans, there are three types of hemoglobin: HbA1 (∼97%), HbA2 (∼2%) and HbF (∼1%).HbA1 (α 2 β 2 ) is composed of two α-globin and two β-globin subunits encoded by HBA and HBB, respectively; HbF (α 2 γ 2 ) is made up of two α-globin subunits and two γ-globin subunits encoded by HBG.Mutations in the coding region or regulatory region of HBB are involved in β-thalassemia pathogenesis.Except for some rare dominant mutations, most HBB mutations are recessive (Origa, 2017).Depending on the mutation type, the β-globin level will either be reduced or completely depleted, resulting in α-globin accumulation and precipitation.These α-globin precipitates lead to red blood cell death, resulting in anemia and tissue damage, and even death in βthalassemia major patients.Blood transfusions can help slow disease progression but lead to iron overload, ultimately resulting in iron toxicity.Bone marrow transfer is the only cure in the clinic and is available only to a small percentage of patients with human leukocyte antigen-matched donors.Recently, gene therapy and gene editing therapy have shown great promise in curing β-thalassemia (Glaser et al., 2015;Thompson et al., 2018).However, no appropriate animal models are available for evaluating the safety and efficacy of such advanced therapeutic strategies in vivo.β-thalassemia mice are the sole animal model available for research.However, substantial differences have been reported between the types and expression patterns of human and mouse globins (McColl and Vadolas, 2016).Moreover, mice contain no fetal globin gene equivalent, and homozygous mutations of HBB in mouse for early models of β-thalassemia major or Cooley anemia are all embryonic lethal (Huo et al., 2009).Recently, significant phenotype and physiology differences have been reported between SIRT6null mice and the non-human primate model (Zhang et al., 2018).Thus, an appropriate non-human primate model is needed for human β-thalassemia studies and treatments.
Naloxone effects the secretion of gonadotropin in both male and female aninmals.It effects LH,LHRH et al in female animals and LH,prolactin et al in male animals.The time of initiation of estrus after parturition was moved up and estrus persisting became long in naloxone-treated female animals.It is considered that naloxone participates in the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad axis,but the exact relation between them is not clear until now.
Abstract The efficiency of assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) in nonhuman primates is low due to no screening criterions for selecting sperm, oocyte, and embryo as well as its surrogate mothers. Here we analyzed 15 pairs of pregnant and non-pregnant cynomolgus monkeys, each pair of which received embryos from one batch of fertilized oocytes, and found ratio of endometrial to myometrial thicknesses in abdominal ultrasonic transverse section of uterus is a reliable indicator for selection of recipients for embryo transfer. We performed 305 ovarian stimulations in 128 female cynomolgus monkeys and found that ovarian stimulation can be performed in a whole year and repeated up to six times in the same monkey without deteriorating fertilization potential of eggs until a poor response to stimulation happened. Fertilization can be efficiently achieved with both conventional and piezo-driven intracytoplasmic sperm injection procedures. In semen collection, semen quality is higher with the penile robe electrical stimulus method compared with the rectal probe method. Moreover, caesarean section is an effective strategy for increasing baby survival rates of multiple pregnancies. These findings provide a practical guidance for the efficient use of ARTs, facilitating their use in genetic engineering of macaque monkeys for basic and translational neuroscience research.
The populations of lymphocytes expressing CD3,CD4,CD8 and CD21,and ConA stimulated proliferation of lymphocytes were examined in three Holstein cows during the puerperal period.The proportion and the proliferation of lymphocytes were at lowest level on day 1 post-parturition and generally exhibited a gradualincrease in the puerperal period.The proportion of CD21 lymphocyte and proliferation of lymphocytes reached highest value on day 15 and 30 post-parturitionrespectively.The percentage of CD3 lymphocyte was fluctuated with lowest point on day 15 and highest point on day 30 post-parturition.
The soil fertility is an important indicator to breed the soil effectively.The investigation of its cause of formation will supply the scientific basis with the rational distribution of the agricultural production.Through the methods of field investigation and sampling,and indoor physical and chemical analysis,the research did the comparative investigation to the contents of the ammonium nitrogen and the rapidly available potassium in meadow soil and yellow red soil,two different soil types in Mount Wuyi.Analysis found that the ammonium nitrogen and the rapidly available potassium of meadow soil are visibly higher than those of yellow red soil.This is mainly due to the influnence of the local climate,topography,biology and human production activity.
To explore a new method of improving immunity status of dairy cows in puerperal period,Bazhen Decoction was given daily and orally to four groups of dairy cows: between day 30 and day 1 before parturition;between day 15 before and after parturition;between day 1 and day 30 after parturition;control group.The population of lymphocytes and T lymphocyte subpopulations,and ConA stimulated proli-(feration) of lymphocyte were examined in these cows in the puerperal period.The proportions of T lymphocyte and T lymphocyte subpopulations,lymphocyte proliferation were significantly increased in peri-(parturient) group,but no obvious increase was observed in the proportion of CD21 lymphocyte in any Bazhen Decoction groups.
eXTP is a science mission designed to study the state of matter under extreme conditions of density, gravity and magnetism. Primary goals are the determination of the equation of state of matter at supra-nuclear density, the measurement of QED effects in highly magnetized star, and the study of accretion in the strong-field regime of gravity. Primary targets include isolated and binary neutron stars, strong magnetic field systems like magnetars, and stellar-mass and supermassive black holes. The mission carries a unique and unprecedented suite of state-of-the-art scientific instruments enabling for the first time ever the simultaneous spectral-timing-polarimetry studies of cosmic sources in the energy range from 0.5-30 keV (and beyond). Key elements of the payload are: the Spectroscopic Focusing Array (SFA) - a set of 11 X-ray optics for a total effective area of ∼0.9 m2 and 0.6 m2 at 2 keV and 6 keV respectively, equipped with Silicon Drift Detectors offering <180 eV spectral resolution; the Large Area Detector (LAD) - a deployable set of 640 Silicon Drift Detectors, for a total effective area of ∼3.4 m2, between 6 and 10 keV, and spectral resolution better than 250 eV; the Polarimetry Focusing Array (PFA) – a set of 2 X-ray telescope, for a total effective area of 250 cm2 at 2 keV, equipped with imaging gas pixel photoelectric polarimeters; the Wide Field Monitor (WFM) - a set of 3 coded mask wide field units, equipped with position-sensitive Silicon Drift Detectors, each covering a 90 degrees x 90 degrees field of view. The eXTP international consortium includes major institutions of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Universities in China, as well as major institutions in several European countries and the United States. The predecessor of eXTP, the XTP mission concept, has been selected and funded as one of the so-called background missions in the Strategic Priority Space Science Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences since 2011. The strong European participation has significantly enhanced the scientific capabilities of eXTP. The planned launch date of the mission is earlier than 2025.
For facilitation of conventional PCR technology to identify chicken sex,this study took the whole blood of adult chicks as a sample by the conventional PCR reaction mix and Tap DNA polymerase for direct PCR amplification,optimization was conducted in adult chicken whole blood(from 0.05 to 4.0 μL),Tap DNA polymerase(from 0.05 to 1.5 μL) and cycle number(from 30 to 40) in 50 μL direct PCR amplification system.Anti-coagulant selection and storage temperature of blood sample were evaluated,sex was identified with direct whole blood PCR amplification and compared with gonadal sex in 62 of 1-day-old chicklings,80 of 12-day-old and 80 of 16-day-old chicken embryos,respectively.The results showed that sex identification with direct PCR amplification with 0.1 μL whole blood sample was fully consistent with the gonadal sex,therefore it was accuracy in chicklings and chicken embryos.ACD,heparin or DETA could be adopted as anticoagulant and blood samples could be stored at 4,-20 or-80 ℃ for 3 months at least.Compared with conventional PCR,the direct whole blood PCR could be economic,efficient and low possible of cross-contamination.