Estimation of earthquake losses is based on the damage degree of buildings in a region.Earthquake damage index is a number between 0 and 1 which shows the damage degree in a mathematical variant.It expresses the earthquake resistant ability of the buildings.Research of damage index is of significance in the earthquake damage prediction before earthquake and the estimation of earthquake losses after the earthquake.In this paper,the authors collected,analyzed and processed the detailed materials of the estimation of earthquake losses which occurred between 2001 and 2004.Based on this,the authors then calculated the Mean Damage Index of each type of buildings at every investigation point.The relationship between the mean damage index of each type of buildings and the mean damage index of brick buildings was obtained,which may be helpful for the estimation of earthquake losses on field and after the earthquake.
Boundary layer is separated due to the barrier along the flow border line, thus the circulating flow is strengthened and the flow pattern is deteriorated It is a common phenomenon in the project of water conservancy, sea-route and power station From the theory of boundary layer control, the size of circulating region in the downstream of the barrier can be reduced by using the method of sucking-spouting water, which sucks part of the discharge in the upstream of the convex barrier and spouts it in the downstream of it. The results of tests in the 50 cm width flume show that the method of sucking-spouting water is very effective
Objective To investigate the mechanism of transforming growth factor-β_1 (TGF-β_1) on inducing apoptosis in cultured human retinal pigment epithelium (hRPE) cell.Methods Reverse transcription polymerase reaction(RT-PCR) was used to detect the mRNA expression of bcl-2 and Fas by different concentration TGF-β_1 in hPRE cell.Western-Blot was used to detect the protein expression by different concentration TGF-β_1 in hPRE cell.Results RT-PCR showed that the TGF-β_1 concentration was directly proportional to the Fas mRNA expression.The mRNA expression of bcl-2 was gradually reduced in hPRE cell when the TGF-β_1 concentration was gradually increased.Western-Blot showed that TGF-β_1 concentration was directly proportional to the Caspase-3 peotein expression.Conclusion TGF-β_1 may up-regulate the expression of Fas mRNA and activate the activity of Caspase-3 protein.Caspase-3 plays an importance role in the process of RPE cells apoptosis.
Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common type of arthritis. OA can cause joint pain, stiffness, and loss of function. The pathogenesis of OA is not completely clear. Moreover, there is no effective treatment, and clinical management is limited to symptomatic relief or joint surgery. This study utilized bioinformatics to analyze normal and OA articular cartilage samples to find biomarkers and therapeutic targets for OA. Methods: The GSE169077 gene chip dataset was downloaded from the public gene chip data platform of the National Biotechnology Information Center. The dataset included 6 samples of OA tissues and 5 samples of healthy cartilage tissues. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened using the R language "limma" function package under the threshold of log2[fold change (FC)] ≥2 and a P value <0.05. The Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) signal pathways of the target genes were enriched and analyzed using the database for annotation, visualization, and integrated discovery (DAVID), and a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was further constructed using the search tool for the retrieval of interacting genes/proteins (STRING) database. The coexpression relationship of the genes in the module was visualized and screened with Cytoscape. Results: A total of 27 DEGs were identified, including 9 downregulated genes and 18 upregulated genes. GO signal pathway enrichment analysis showed involvement in hypoxic response, fibrous collagen trimer, and extracellular matrix structural components. KEGG analysis demonstrated associations with protein digestion and absorption, extracellular matrix receptor interaction, and the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor signal pathway, among several other pathways. A PPI network was obtained through STRING analysis, and the results were imported into Cytoscape software. The 27 DEGs were sequenced by the cytoHubba plug-in by various calculation methods, and 5 hub genes (COL1A1, COL1A2, POSTN, BMP1, and MMP13) were finally selected. These genes were analyzed by PPI again and annotated with GO and KEGG in different colors. Conclusions: Bioinformatics technology effectively identified differential genes in the knee cartilage tissue of healthy controls and patients with OA, providing opportunities to further explore the mechanism and treatment of OA on a transcriptional level.
The Geographical Information System for Estimation of Damage and Losses to Earthquakes(MapEDLES 2001 for Windows) is a GIS application system developed by use of COM techniques. The system has realized the database management, mapping,browse inquiry, sampling statistics and assessment of disastrous losses. The system has yet a lot of functions such as automatically rapid generation of assessment report integrating map,chart,table and character, remote exchange of spatial data, management and palying back of the field video and photo information and so on. The essential principle, design thinking, and system functions of MapEDLES were introduced in this paper.
'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' transform='rotate(23.036 .093 25.536)'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' transform='rotate(45.87 1.273 16.18)'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' transform='rotate(69.945 .996 12.078)'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' transform='rotate(20.66 -19.689 31.932)'/%3e%3c/svg%3e)