Purpose: Metabolic syndrome is a focus of attention in the application of second generation antipsychotics, which has been regarded as a risk factor of Type 2 Diabetes and cardiovascular diseases and may raise the incidence of coronary heart disease and stroke by a factor of three. This study aims to explore the effect of second generation antipsychotics on the occurrence of the metabolic syndrome of Taiwanese patients.
Method: A total of 41 schizophrenic patients without personal and family history of diabetes were recruited and they were treated with the second generation antipsychotics. An examination including biochemical status, blood, waistline and body weight was given to them and a judgment of metabolic syndrome was executed according to the diagnosis principles of NCEP ATP III modified criteria for Asians before and one year after the treatment. The statistic method applied including means comparison and analysis of variance.
Result: There were 6 metabolic syndrome patients found (14.6%) before treatment and the prevalence increased to 26.8% (11 of 41 patients) after one-year of treatment. No new diabetes patients were observed after taking the antipsychotics. Triglyceride values increased by an average of 37 mg/dl and presented a significant variance for all of the patients after taking the second generation antipsychotics. With regards to the individual drug, Clozapine and Olanzapine caused a significant variance in triglyceride values. Body weight of all patients increased in an average of 5.3 kg and exhibited a significant variance after taking the antipsychotics. With respect to individual drug, patients displayed a remarkable variance in body weight after taking Olanzapine. No significant variances exhibited for other items of drugs being examined.
Conclusion: This study demonstrated that part of second generation antipsychotics could exert remarkable influences on body weight and triglyceride value. And patients after taking the antipsychotics presented a higher prevalence rate of metabolic syndrome than general Taiwanese and American adults.
The extraordinary appeal system provides a wide range of topics in academic research, such as system-level reviews of the subjects, objects, procedures, authority and systems, practical analysis of its efficacy, feasibility and judicial resources, the boundary between the re-examination or the comparison with other nations’ systems. From the perspective of Control Yuan’s exercise of powers, the paper discusses control power’s role, boundary and feasibility in the extraordinary appeal system based on a review of regulations, theories and case studies. It also presents the current situation and problems from empirical data analysis. The purpose of the study is to affirm the efficacy, effect and feasibility with respect to the exercise of control power in the extraordinary appeal system and therefore propose suggestions to improve the system and its effectiveness.
The study explores the efficacy, effect and controversy regarding the control power’s exercise in the extraordinary appeal system by looking into the investigative approaches, characteristics of the cases, reasons against the law and conclusive judgements of the cases, which were sent by the Control Yuan to the Prosecutor General from 2009 to 2018 for filing extraordinary appeals. The study includes six chapters. The first chapter introduces the motivation, purpose, approach, methodology and limitations of the study. It also includes definitions of relevant terms, reviews on separation of powers and related domestic literature. The third chapter explores the handling of the cases that were sent from the Control Yuan, using the data to present the characteristics of the cases and follow-up results of the Prosecutors Offices or Supreme Court. The fourth chapter discusses the efficacy and effect of control power’s exercise in the extraordinary appeal system. The fifth chapter identifies a number of practical issues raised from the cases that were sent by the Control Yuan. The final chapter concludes with the findings of the study and provides suggestions for further research based on the current situation and practical issues mentioned in previous chapters.
The development of disaster prevention literacy is not listed as a compulsory course in the K-12 education system in Taiwan, and there are very few academic departments that focus mainly on disaster prevention education in the domestic higher education system. For Taiwan, where disasters are relatively frequent, it is indispensable for every citizen to have the proper disaster prevention knowledge and response skills. In recent years, education courses related to disaster prevention have been gradually set up in general education courses in universities and colleges in response to the trend. This study took students of the elective courses on disaster prevention education in the general education courses of universities as the experimental subjects. Supplemented by the social participation course operation model, the cooperation of team members during the course can bring students a different experiential value to further achieve the teaching goal of improving learning achievement and feedback. It was found from the research results that: (1) the appropriate disaster prevention course arrangement can bring positive and significant effects on the dimensions of perceived experience and team interaction; (2) the learning mode of the university disaster prevention education course, combined with the social participation course operation model, was helpful to the improvement of experiential value and learning achievement; (3) the mediation regression analysis showed the cooperation mode of group team members’ interaction did have a partial mediation effect in terms of experiential value, as well as learning achievement and feedback compared with the traditional pure classroom teaching model. The research results indicated that the teaching effectiveness of the disaster prevention education course for college students with the social participation course operation model was good.
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