Te-Hsiu Ma

Western Illinois University

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Van A. Anderson

University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign

Mary M. Harris

University of Akron

Siegfried Knasmüller

Medical University of Vienna

Byeong‐Seon Jeong

Yeungnam University

Guangheng Lin

Institute of Oceanology

Hongen Zhang

Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development

Shahbeg S. Sandhu

Research Triangle Park Foundation

Guillermo Cabrera

Illinois State University

Shaukat Khan

Dhofar University

Chang-Deok Won

Western Illinois University

Cooperative Institutions

Western Illinois University

Autonomous University of Queretaro

Environmental Protection Agency

Institute for Environmental Management

University of Vienna

Medical University of Vienna

Cornell University

Institute of Oceanographic Instrumentation

Brookhaven National Laboratory

Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey

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The improved Allium/Vicia root tip micronucleus assay for clastogenicity of environmental pollutants

Mutation Research/Environmental Mutagenesis and Related Subjects (1995)

Te‐Hsiu Ma Zhidong Xu Chengen Xu Heike McConnell Eugenia Valtierra Rabago

Clastogen

Vicia

Root tip

10.1016/0165-1161(95)90010-1

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Citations (351)

Genotoxic Agents Detected by Plant Bioassays

Reviews on Environmental Health (2005)

Te‐Hsiu Ma Guillermo Cabrera Elizabeth Owens

Seven higher plant species (Allium cepa, Arabidopsis thaliana, Glycine max, Hordeum vulgaris. Tradescantia paludosa, Vicia faba, and Zea mays) were reviewed for their ability to detect genotoxicity of chemical agents under the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) Gene-Tox program in the late 1970s. Six bioassays-Allium and Vicia root tip chromosome breaks, Tradescantia chromosome break, Tradescantia micronucleus, Tradescantia-stamen-hair mutation, and Arabidopsis-mutation bioassays- were established from four plant systems that are currently in use for detecting the genotoxicity of environmental agents. Under the Gene-Tox program, the Crepis capillaris-chromosome-aberration test was added to the existing six bioassays. The current review is limited to chemical agents that exhibit a positive response to any of these seven plant bioassays. From 158 articles reviewed, 84 chemicals were compiled in three categories: carcinogens, clastogens, and mutagens. As none of these plant bioassays can detect tumor initiation or cancerous growth, the chemicals were categorized as carcinogens based on their characteristics defined by the U.S. EPA's Superfund Priority 1 List and/or by the chemical listings of the Sigma and Aldrich Chemical Companies. Certain mutagens were categorized in the same manner in addition to the agents detected as mutagens by these plant bioassays.

Tradescantia

Clastogen

Ethyl methanesulfonate

10.1515/reveh.2005.20.1.1

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Antimutagenic property of an herbal medicine, Polygonum multiftorum Thunb. detected by the Tradescantia micronucleus assay.

Journal of Environmental Pathology Toxicology and Oncology (1999)

Hongen Zhang Byeong‐Seon Jeong Te‐Hsiu Ma

The root extracts of a Chinese herb, Polygonum multiflorum Thunb., have been used for centuries as an internal medicine to improve liver and kidney functions. In this study, we evaluated the antimutagenic property of this drug with the Tradescantia micronucleus (Trad-MCN) assay. The Trad-MCN bioassay is a well-established test for chromosome damage induced by physical or chemical agents in terms of micronuclei (MCN) frequency. Inflorescences of the Tradescantia plant cuttings were first exposed to 0.35 Gy soft X-rays (80 kV, 5 mA, 1 mm Al filter, dose rate around 0.50 Gy/min), followed by drug treatments at 1, 3, and 6% concentrations of the aqueous solution for a total recovery period of 24 hours. The positive (X-rays), negative (nutrient solution), and drug control (3% drug solution) groups were maintained in each of the three series of repeated experiments. Flower buds of the treated and control groups were fixed in aceto-alcohol (1:3 ratio) in preparation for slides to score MCN frequencies in the early tetrads of the meiotic pollen mother cells. The mean MCN frequencies (MCN/100 tetrads +/- SE) of the positive control (irradiated) was 26.68 +/- 2.49; the negative control was 2.93 +/- 0.50; the PM solution control was 2.06 +/- 0.39, and the 0.35 Gy X-ray plus 6% PM drug treated was 18.76 +/- 1.69. A 45% reduction in chromosome damage was observed. Antimutagenic effects were relatively decreased at lower concentrations of PM. This antimutagenic effect could be attributed to the antioxidant action of PM, enhancement of DNA repair, or the radical elimination from the irradiated plant cells.

Tradescantia

Polygonum

Commelinaceae

Distilled water

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Proficiency of the Tradescantia-micronucleus image analysis system for scoring micronucleus frequencies and data analysis

Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis (1992)

Te‐Hsiu Ma Jianhua Xu Wenjie Xia Xudong Jong Weichi Sun

Tradescantia

10.1016/0027-5107(92)90099-n

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Citations (11)

ENSAYO DE MICRONÚCLEOS EN ERITROCITOS DE RATÓN EN LA CLASTOGENICIDAD DE AGUAS INDUSTRIALES DE DESECHO

Revista Internacional de Contaminación Ambiental (1995)

Te‐Hsiu Ma Xiaodong Zhou Guadalupe Loarca Gemma G. Arreola Salvador U. Lecona

The Mouse-Erythrocyte-Micronucleus (Mus-EMN) assay is a modified mouse-micronucleus test which conventionally scom the micronucleus frequencies in bone marrow polychromatic etythrocyies (PCE). In the Mus-EMN assay, MN frequency is scored in mature normachromatic erythrocytes (NCE) in the circulating blood obtained fmm the tail or the eye socket of the mouse. This simplifd in vivo Mus-EMN assay was used to monitor the chronic clastogenicity of industrial wastewater throughout one year in the cumt study. Twenty four young (2 month old) CDl white mice were divided into 3 groups of 8, with 4 males and 4 females in each group, and caged individually for this study. Two treated groups of animals were fed with industrial wastewater cdlected weekly fmm the down stm of the Arena Canal (wastewater dispoal system) from the Benito Juarez Industrial District of the Queretaro Ciiy of Mexico. In order to reduce the toxicity, wastewater samples were diluted with tapwater at 1:s ratio (wastewater: tapwater) for treated group 1 and a 1:2 ratio fortreated group 2. Animals of the control group drank the tapwater. Red blood samples were collected monthlyfrom the tail and blood smears were double stained with hernatoxylin and Giemsa, and about 10,000 mature red blood cells were scored from each of the 8 slides of the experimental groups to derive the means and standard emrs. Results of this year-mund study showed a significant increase in MN frequencies (5.08 - 9.80 MN11000 cells) in the treated groups during the months of Octuber through January of the following year, the dry season of this area of Mexico. The MN frequencies of the treated mice declined to the control level (1.29 - 3.20 MN/1000 cells) afier 6-7 months of continuous exposure. Results of this study indicate that the Mus-EMN assay is adequate for chronic clastogenicity tests of water pollutants with the maximum time limit around 6 months which is abwt 20% of the youthful life of the mouse.

Clastogen

Blood smear

Giemsa stain

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ENSAYO DE MICRONÚCLEOS EN LAS ESPERMÁTIDAS DE RATÓN DE LA CLASTOGENICIDAD PRODUCIDA POR LOS RAYOS X Y LA CICLOFOSFAMIDA

Revista Internacional de Contaminación Ambiental (2000)

Byeong‐Seon Jeong Hongen Zhang Ki-Ho Lee Chang-Deok Won Te‐Hsiu Ma

Mousespermatidmicronucleus (MusSPMN) assay is one of the most relevant test systems for the clastogenicity of environmental pollutants in mammalian germ cells. A “Serial Fixation” of the X irradiated cell samples (at 12 or 24 h intervals) was used to confirm the sensitive peak for micronuclei (MN) induction and to improve the efficiency of the test. The sensitive peak as revealed by the highest rate of MN in the early stage of spermatid between the treatment and fixation time was found to be 3.5 days. In order to determine the relative effectiveness of the Mus SPMN test for chemical clastogenicity detection the Xray and cyclophosphamide (CP) dose response studies were carried out for comparison. Xray dosages at 0,0.5,1, 2, 3,4 and 5Gy(whole body irradiation) induced 0.66, 2.45, 2.22, 4.44, 6.68, 7.00 and 13.34 MN/1000 spermatids respec tively. Correlation coefficient and slope values were 0.92 and 0.022 respectively. The CP dose response curve was established when four groups of male mice were treated (ip injections) with 0, 30, 50 and 60 mg/kg of CP, 0.63, 7.33, 8.89 and 15.67 MN/1000 spermatids were induced respectively. The correlation coefficient and slope were 0.68 and 0.12, respectively. Roughly 3.5 ppm CP equals to 3.75 Gy of Xrays. These doserelated MN frequencies induced by clastogens could serve as a potential signal of the possible heritable mutations induced by the lower dosages of the same agent.

Clastogen

Spermatid

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Citations (0)

Tradescantia micronucleus bioassay

Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis (1994)

Te‐Hsiu Ma Guillermo Cabrera R. Chen B. S. Gill S.S. Sandhu

Tradescantia

Sodium azide

10.1016/0027-5107(94)90115-5

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