Abstrack Objective: To find out knowledge and attitude on acceptance of vaginal ring among married women at reproductive age (MWRA) and reasons of acceptance or refusal of vaginal ring. Setting: Family planning clinic in Raden Saleh, Jakarta. Design/data identification: This descriptive study has been conducted using a cross sectional study design. Material and methods: During the period of March up to May 2006 on 106 respondents that were sampled by consecutive sampling derivation from married women at reproductive age (MWRA) who visited family planning clinic in Raden Saleh. Data collection was done through structured interview. After respondents were given information about vaginal ring, they were asked about knowledge and attitude on acceptance of vaginal ring. Chi-Square, Fisher, Independent t test and Mann Whitney was used to reveal intervariable relationship. Results: Hundred and six subjects were included in this study and 84,9% of them showed high level of knowledge about vaginal ring. Forty one percents of respondents accepted the use of vaginal ring. The most reason mentioned was practicability (58.1%). Nevertheless, 59.5% respondents refused to use vaginal ring with the most reason mentioned was its inpracticability (23.8%). The conceptual acceptance of Nuvaring ® among subjects represents the evaluation stage of adoption theory according to Rogers. There was significant association between education level and knowledge on vaginal ring. There is no significant association between other demographic, medical, and obstetrical characteristics and knowledge and attitude on acceptance of vaginal ring. Conclusion: The potential acceptance among Indonesian women is good enough according to 40.6% respondents can accept Nuvaring. Keywords: contraceptive method, Nuvaring®
Yosep Sutandar 1 , Suryono S.I. Santoso 2 ABSTRAK Latar Belakang : Pembentukan dan perkembangan folikel primordial merupakan aspek yang penting pada sistem reproduksi perempuan, tetapi mekanismenya masih kurang dipahami. Pembentukan folikel primordial adalah proses dimana folikel primordial ovarium terbentuk. Sebuah folikel primordial terdiri dari oosit yang berada di profase jika pembelahan meiosis yang pertama dan dikelilingi oleh satu lapisan sel-sel pra-granulosa. Proses ini secara langsung memengaruhi jumlah oosit yang tersedia bagi seorang wanita sepanjang usia reproduksinya. Kelainan pada perkembangan folikel primordial menyebabkan sejumlah patofisiologi, tetapi mekanisme terjadi masih belum dapat dipahami. Tujuan : Untuk memahami mekanisme perakitan dan pengembangan manusia ovarium folikel primordial. Metode : Review artikel Kesimpulan : Pembentukan folikel primordial adalah proses dimana folikel primordial ovarium terbentuk. Pembentukan folikel primordial dihambat oleh progesteron untuk tingkat yang lebih besar daripada estrogen, namun kedua steroid tersebut menghambat proses pembentukan. Proses apoptosis oosit secara acak dalam sarang oosit diperlukan untuk pembentukan folikel dan tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) tampaknya juga terlibat dalam proses ini. Baru-baru ini, penelitian telah menunjukkan bahwa KL, basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), KGF, dan bone morphogenic protein -4 (BMP-4) dapat memengaruhi perkembangan folikel primordial. Kata kunci : folikel, primordial, pembentukan, perkembangan. ABSTRACT Backgrounds : primordial follicle assembly and development is a critical aspect of female reproduction, but poorly understood process on mechanistic level. Primordial follicle assembly is the process by which ovarian primordial follicles are formed. A primordial follicle is composed of an oocyte arrested in prophase if the first meiotic division and surrounded by a single layer of pre-granulosa cells. These processes directly affect the number of oocytes available to a female throughout her reproductive life. Abnormalities in primordial follicle development lead to a number of pathologies, but the mechanism are poorly understood. Objective : To understand the mechanism of assembly and development of human ovarian primordial follicle. Method : Literature review Conclusion : Primordial follicle assembly is the process by which ovarian primordial follicles are formed. Primordial follicle assembly was inhibited by progesterone to a greater degree than estrogen, but both steroids inhibited the assembly process. The apoptosis of random oocytes in the oocyte nests is required for primordial follicle assembly and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFβ) appears to be involved in this process. More recently, studies have demonstrated that KL, basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), KGF, and bone morphogenic protein-4 (BMP-4) can influence primordial follicle development. Key words : follicle, primordial, assembly, development 1,2 Division of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Faculty of Medicine University of Indonesia, National Center Hospital Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Telephone: 081294037518. Email: yosep.sutandar@gmail.com