Introducao: Mundialmente, a infeccao pelo virus da hepatite C (HCV) e um importante problema de saude publica. No Brasil, a regiao norte apresenta as localidades com maiores prevalencias, sendo a maioria da infeccoes ocasionadas pelo genotipo 1. Atualmente, a situacao epidemiologica da infeccao pelo HCV em usuarios de drogas ilicitas (UD) e desconhecida nessa regiao. Objetivos: Este estudo determinou a prevalencia, a frequencia genotipica e os fatores de risco a infeccao pelo HCV em usuarios de drogas ilicitas no municipio de Breves, Arquipelago do Marajo, norte do Brasil. Metodologia ou Descricao da Experiencia: Este estudo selecionou UD no municipio de Breves no periodo de 2009 a 2012. O diagnostico da infeccao pelo HCV foi fornecido por ELISA e PCR em tempo real. A genotipagem das cepas virais foi estabelecida por sequenciamento de nucleotideos (5’ UTR) seguida de analise filogenetica. Os dados epidemiologicos foram coletados por meio de entrevista utilizando questionario especifico. Regressao logistica simples e multipla foi utilizada para identificacao de fatores de risco a infeccao pelo HCV. Resultados: Neste estudo foram abordados 187 UD, dos quais a maioria utilizava drogas nao-injetaveis (92,51%). A droga ilicita mais utilizada foi a pasta de cocaina (31,79%). A prevalencia de anticorpos anti-HCV e RNA-HCV foi de 36,90% e 31,02%, respectivamente. A maioria dos infectados pertenciam ao sexo masculino (79,31%) e possuiam menos de 35 anos (63,79%). A genotipagem revelou que a presenca dos genotipos 1 (74,14%) e 3 (25,86%). Os fatores de risco a infeccao pelo HCV identificados foram: tatuagem (OR = 10,42, IC 95% = 2,82-38,49) e uso diario de drogas (OR = 22,31, IC 95% = 4,96 – 10,48). Conclusao ou Hipoteses: Este estudo identificou elevada prevalencia de infeccoes pelo HCV, sendo preferencialmente ocasionadas pelo genotipo 1. Alem disso, informacoes relevantes para a adocao de medidas de prevencao e controle da hepatite C nesse grupo populacional foram detectadas empregando modelagem estatistica multivariada.
Introduction: Illicit drug users (DUs) are vulnerable to hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. The shared use of illicit drugs is the main method of HCV transmission. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Breves, in northern Brazil. We surveyed 187 DUs to determine the prevalence of and factors associated with HCV infection. Results: The prevalence of anti-HCV antibodies was 36.9%, and the prevalence of hepatitis C virus-ribonucleic acid (HCV-RNA) was 31%. Hepatitis C virus infection was associated with tattoos, intravenous drug use, shared use of equipment for drug use, drug use for longer than 3 years, and daily drug use. Conclusions: Strategies for preventing and controlling HCV transmission should be implemented among DUs.
INTRODUCTION: Epidemiological studies concerning HCV genotypic distribution in the Brazilian Amazon are scarce. Thus, this study determined the patterns of distribution of HCV genotypes among different exposure categories in the State of Pará, Brazilian Amazon. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 312 HCV-infected individuals belonging to different categories of exposure, who were attended at the HEMOPA, CENPREN and a private hemodialysis clinic in Belém. They were tested for HCV antibodies using an immunoenzymatic test, RNA-HCV, using real-time PCR and HCV genotyping through phylogenetic analysis of the 5' UTR. The population groups were epidemiologically characterized according to data collected in a brief interview or medical consultation. RESULTS: Genotype 1 predominated in all the different categories of HCV exposure. HCV genotypic distribution among blood donors comprised genotypes 1 (94%) and 3 (6%). All patients with chronic hematologic diseases had HCV genotype 1. The genotypic distribution in illicit-drug users comprised genotypes 1 (59.6%) and 3 (40.4%). In patients under hemodialysis, genotypes 1 (90.1%), 2 (3.3%), and 3 (6.6%) were detected. Finally, the frequency of genotypes 1 and 3 was significantly different between the groups: BD and DU, PUH and DU, PUH and PCHD and PCHD and DU. CONCLUSIONS: The genotypic frequency and distribution of HCV in different categories of exposure in the State of Pará showed a predominance of genotype 1, regardless of the possible risk of infection.
This study evaluated epidemiological factors for HCV infection associated with sharing perforating and cutting instruments among candidates for blood donation (CBD) in the city of Belém, Pará, Brazilian Amazon. Two definitions of HCV infection cases were used: anti-HCV positivity shown by EIA, and HCV-RNA detection by PCR. Infected and uninfected CBD completed a questionnaire about possible risk factors associated with sharing perforating and cutting instruments. The information was evaluated using simple and multiple logistic regressions. Between May and November 2010, 146 (1.1%) persons with anti-HCV antibodies and 106 (0.8%) with HCV-RNA were detected among 13,772 CBD in Belém. Risk factors associated with HCV infection based on the EIA (model 1) and PCR (model 2) results were: use of needles and syringes sterilized at home; shared use of razors at home, sharing of disposable razors in barbershops, beauty salons etc.; and sharing manicure and pedicure material. The models of HCV infection associated with sharing perforating and cutting instruments should be taken into account by local and regional health authorities and by those of other countries with similar cultural practices, in order to provide useful information to guide political and public strategies to control HCV transmission.
Introduction: Illicit drug users (DUs) are vulnerable to hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. The shared use of illicit drugs is the main method of HCV transmission. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Breves, in northern Brazil. We surveyed 187 DUs to determine the prevalence of and factors associated with HCV infection. Results: The prevalence of anti-HCV antibodies was 36.9%, and the prevalence of hepatitis C virus-ribonucleic acid (HCV-RNA) was 31%. Hepatitis C virus infection was associated with tattoos, intravenous drug use, shared use of equipment for drug use, drug use for longer than 3 years, and daily drug use. Conclusions: Strategies for preventing and controlling HCV transmission should be implemented among DUs.