Exploratory surgery is one of the diagnostic procedures followed to detect various abdominal disorders in bovine practice. Laparoscopy is a minimally invasive surgical technique using an endoscope inserted transabdominally to observe organs within the abdominal and pelvic cavities. The advantages of the use of laparoscopy-guided biopsy techniques are the direct visualization of the target organ and the selection of the exact biopsy site. In this way, obtaining biopsy specimens of the wrong organ is avoided, and possible hemorrhages are identifi ed and controlled. The direct view of the target organ can provide additional information concerning the condition and eventually its prognosis.
The modern agriculture is heavily dependent on agrochemicals like fertilizer, pesticides, micronutrients and plant growth regulators for food and livelihood security in the world.In India, the consumption pattern of pesticides includes insecticides (61.11%), herbicides (22.22%) and fungicides (11.11%).Cotton and vegetables are high pesticides consuming agro-products followed by staple food grains (Rice, Wheat, Corn, Millets).The inappropriate toxic chemicals exposure is not only poisoning & killing of farm families but also dispersing pesticide residues in the environment causing mass killings of nonhuman biotas, such as bees, birds, amphibians, fish, and small mammals.The organophosphate (diazinon, malathion, coumaphos) pesticides affect the nervous system of human beings.Many Pesticides are not easily digestible, they persist in soil, leach to groundwater and surface water and contaminate the wide environment.DDT and Methyl parathion, BHC like toxic residues are also found in humans and other mammals due to bio-accumulated in food chain causing serious health hazards.This book chapter deals with Role of pesticide application in environmental degradation and its remediation strategies.
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Abstract Effects of two classes of pyrethroids, permethrin and resmethrin (type I), cypermethrin and deltamethrin (type II), on basal (calmodulin‐deficient) and calmodulin stimulated activities of Ca 2+ ATPase and adenylate cyclase from rat brain were studied in vitro . None of the pyrethroids inhibited synaptosomal basal Ca 2+ ATPase, but permethrin and deltamethrin inhibited basal adenylate cyclase in the nuclear fraction of a brain homogenate. Both groups of pyrethroids decreased the calmodulin activated Ca 2+ ATPase and adenylate cyclase from brain synaptosomes and nuclear fraction. The results indicate that calmodulin‐stimulated Ca 2+ ATPase is more sensitive to type II pyrethroids and pyrethroids are more effective on calmodulin stimulated enzymes than basal enzyme activities. Since calmodulin, adenylate cyclase and Ca 2+ ATPase are known to participate in various brain processes, it is possible that pyrethroids alter neural transmission, however, additional in vivo work would be needed to confirm this possibility.
COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF TOXICITY OF ELSAN IN CONTINUOUS FLOW AND STATIC SYSTEMS WITH REFERENCE TO OXYGEN CONSUMPTION AND EXCRETION IN OPHIOCEPHALUS PUNCTATUS (BLOCH)
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