Dianne N. Janczewski

National Cancer Institute

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Stephen J. O’Brien

Nova Southeastern University

Robert K. Wayne

University of California, Los Angeles

RĖ

Raoul Ė. Benveniste

National Institutes of Health

Dennis A. Gilbert

Hamilton College

Harmony Frazier-Taylor

Lincoln Park Zoo

Naoya Yuhki

Johns Hopkins University

Mahedi Andau

Sabah Wildlife Department

Francis Gombek

NSW Forestry Corporation

J. C. Stephens

Durham University

William B. Karesh

EcoHealth Alliance

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National Institutes of Health

National Cancer Institute

Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research

Science Applications International Corporation (United States)

Genesis Laboratories

Yale University

Cancer Research Center

Hamilton College

Apache (Canada)

Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation

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Molecular Genetic Divergence of Orang Utan (<italic>Pongo pygmaeus</italic>) Subspecies Based on Isozyme and Two-Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis

Journal of Heredity (1990)

Dianne N. Janczewski David Goldman Stephen J. O’Brien

The orang utan (Pongo pygmaeus), as currently recognized, includes two geographically separated subspecies: Pongo pygmaeus pygmaeus, which resides on Borneo, and P. p. abelii, which inhabits Sumatra. At present, there is no known route of gene flow between the two populations except through captive individuals which have been released back into the wild over the last several decades. The two subspecies are differentiated by morphological and behavioral characters, and they can be distinguished by a subspecies specific pericentric chromosomal inversion. Nei-genetic distances were estimated between orang utan subspecies, gorilla, chimpanzee and humans using 44 isozyme loci and using 458 soluble fibroblast proteins which were resolved by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Phenetic analysis of both data sets supports the following conclusions: the orang utan subspecies distances are approximately 10 times closer to each other than they are to the African apes, and the orang utan subspecies are approximately as divergent as are the two chimpanzee species. Comparison of the genetic distances to genetic distance estimates done in the same laboratory under identical conditions reveals that the distance between Bornean vs. Sumatran orang utans is 5–10 times the distance measured between several pairs of subspecies including lions, cheetahs, and tigers. Near species level molecular genetic distances between orang utan subspecies would support the separate management of Bornean and Sumatran orang utans as evolutionary significant units (Ryder 1987). Evolutionary topologies were constructed from the distance data using both cladistic and phenetic methods. The majority of resulting trees affirmed previous molecular evolutionary studies that indicated that man and chimpanzee diverged from a common ancestor subsequent to the divergence of gorilla from the common ancestor.

Subspecies

Gorilla

Pongo pygmaeus

Genetic distance

Genetic divergence

10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a111005

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Citations (41)

17. Molecular and Biochemical Evolution of the Carnivora

Cornell University Press eBooks (2019)

Robert K. Wayne Raoul Ė. Benveniste Dianne N. Janczewski Stephen J. O’Brien

10.7591/9781501745812-024

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Citations (0)

Molecular phylogenetic inference from saber-toothed cat fossils of Rancho La Brea.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (1992)

Dianne N. Janczewski Naoya Yuhki Dennis A. Gilbert George T. Jefferson Stephen J. O’Brien

A method for the successful extraction of sequestered cellular DNA from 14,000-year-old fossil bones was developed and applied to asphalt-preserved specimens of the extinct saber-toothed cat, Smilodon fatalis. Two distinct gene segments, the mitochondrial gene for 12S rRNA and nuclear FLA-I (the feline class I major histocompatibility complex gene), from three different individual fossil specimens were cloned and sequenced after PCR amplification. Comparison of fossil-derived DNA sequences to homologous regions in 15 living carnivorous species, including 9 species of Felidae and 6 nonfelids, affirmed the phylogenetic placement of Smilodon within the modern radiation of Felidae distinct from the Miocene paleofelid (Nimravidae) saber-toothed "cat" species. These results raise the prospect of obtaining genetically informative DNA from preserved bones of extinct fossil species, particularly among the 2 million specimens excavated from the asphaltic sediments at Rancho La Brea in metropolitan Los Angeles.

Ancient DNA

10.1073/pnas.89.20.9769

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Citations (71)

Molecular and Biochemical Evolution of the Carnivora

Springer eBooks (1989)

Robert K. Wayne Raoul Ė. Benveniste Dianne N. Janczewski Stephen J. O’Brien

Arboreal locomotion

Fossorial

Cursorial

Insectivore

Hyena

Mammal

10.1007/978-1-4613-0855-3_18

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Citations (172)

Genomic differentiation among natural populations of orang-utan (Pongo pygmaeus)

Current Biology (1996)

Zhi Lü William B. Karesh Dianne N. Janczewski Harmony Frazier-Taylor Dondin Sajuthi

Subspecies

Pongo pygmaeus

Bonobo

10.1016/s0960-9822(02)70719-7

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Citations (105)

Molecular and Biochemical Evolution of the Carnivora

Springer eBooks (1989)

Robert K. Wayne Raoul Ė. Benveniste Dianne N. Janczewski Stephen J. O’Brien

Arboreal locomotion

Fossorial

Cursorial

Mammal

Insectivore

Hyena

Xenarthra

10.1007/978-1-4757-4716-4_18

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Citations (84)

Molecular evolution of mitochondrial 12S RNA and cytochrome b sequences in the pantherine lineage of Felidae.

Molecular Biology and Evolution (1995)

Dianne N. Janczewski W.S. Modi J. C. Stephens Stephen J. O’Brien

DNA sequence comparisons of two mitochondrial DNA genes were used to infer phylogenetic relationships among 17 Felidae species, notably 15 in the previously described pantherine lineage. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to generate sequences of 358 base pairs of the mitochondrial 12S RNA gene and 289 base pairs of the cytochrome b protein coding gene. DNA sequences were compared within and between 17 felid and five nonfelid carnivore species. Evolutionary trees were constructed using phenetic, cladistic, and maximum likelihood algorithms. The combined results suggested several phylogenetic relationships including (1) the recognition of a recently evolved monophyletic genus Panthera consisting of Panthera leo, P. pardus, P. onca, P. uncia, P. tigris, and Neofelis nebulosa; (2) the recent common ancestry of Acinonyx jubatus, the African cheetah, and Puma concolor, the American puma; and (3) two golden cat species, Profelis temmincki and Profelis aurata, are not sister species, and the latter is strongly associated with Caracal caracal. These data add to the growing database of vertebrate mtDNA sequences and, given the relatively recent divergence among the felids represented here (1-10 Myr), allow 12S and cytochrome b sequence evolution to be addressed over a time scale different from those addressed in most work on vertebrate mtDNA.

Acinonyx jubatus

Monophyly

Lineage (genetic)

10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a040232

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Citations (130)