Journal Article Inpatient antimicrobial use in two hospitals near Tel Aviv Get access Efraim Menczel, PH.D., Efraim Menczel, PH.D. Consultant on Drug Information to the Director General of the Ministry of Health, Jerusalem, Israel Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Ariela Hershkovitz, Ariela Hershkovitz Director Pharmacy Department, Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar David Levy, M.Pharm., David Levy, M.Pharm. Chief Pharmacist Promedico Ltd., Pctach Tikvah, Israel; at the time of this study he was Director, Pharmacy Department, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Lilla Akivison, M.Pharm., Lilla Akivison, M.Pharm. Director Pharmacy Department Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Ida Boldur, Ph.D. Ida Boldur, Ph.D. Director Microbiology Department, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center. Both medical centers are affiliated with the Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar American Journal of Hospital Pharmacy, Volume 49, Issue 3, 1 March 1992, Pages 659–663, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/49.3.659 Published: 01 March 1992
The pH partition hypothesis was applied to the absorption of ionizable local anesthetic amines through the subcutaneous (s.c.) route. Solutions of lidocaine hydrochloride (LHCl), procaine hydrochloride (PHCl) and tetracaine hydrochloride (THCl) at various pH were implanted on s.c. animal tissue through a glass absorption cell. The s.c. absorption of these drugs was evaluated from the clearances' slopes evolved by determination of the drugs' concentrations in the cell at definite intervals. The higher the pH level, these conjugated bases become more unionized and lipid partitioned resulting in increased rates of s.c. absorption. The extent of unionization is governed by the pka of each of these drugs; at the high feasible pH--procaine which is least unionized--its s.c. absorption rate is nearly a third of that of lidocaine or tetracaine. The pH effect on s.c. absorption of local anesthetics was substantiated by estimation of lethal time50 (LT50) in mice.
The in-process control of a hospital pharmacy manufacturing program was improved by the introduction of photorecorded weighings. This was performed by instant Polaroid photography of the digital readout scale of the weighings on electric top loading precision balances. The developed prints were kept as part of the production records. The terminal assays of the finished packaged products invariably corresponded to the labeled concentrations within a permissible range of deviation.
