Die Hochschule: ein Ort des gleichberechtigten Lehrens und Lernens. Ein Ort, an dem diskriminierende Praxen und Ausgrenzung der Vergangenheit angehören. Von diesem Ziel sind wir leider noch weit entfernt. Wir, das Zentrum für Disability Studies, das Zentrum GenderWissen und die AG Queer Studies, haben uns seit längerer Zeit mit diesem Ziel beschäftigt und gemeinsam diskutiert. Dieses Manifest soll unsere Ideen für eine Hochschule begründen und öffentlich machen, die möglichst allen gleichermaßen offensteht. Sie wird nur dann unseren Ansprüchen gerecht, wenn sich die Prinzipien von Inklusion und Gerechtigkeit auch in ihren Strukturen und dem Umgang mit diskriminierten Gruppen ausdrücken. Denn Hochschule ist eben kein „Elfenbeinturm“, der sich im luftleeren Raum befindet, sondern immer auch Teil einer (leider nicht diskriminierungsfreien) Gesellschaft. Unter anderem bildet sie Personen aus, die diese Gesellschaft mitgestalten. Nicht zuletzt deshalb müssen Themen wie soziale Ungleichheit, Diskriminierung, Ausgrenzung, Gleichberechtigung und Inklusion auch in jeder Hochschule präsent sein. Das heißt, es muss Forschung und Lehre hierzu angeboten werden.
Infektionen des Gastrointestinaltraktes (GIT) zahlen zu den haufigsten Infektionen des menschlichen Organismus, was nicht verwundert, betragt doch die Kontaktflache des Organismus mit der erregerhaltigen Ausenwelt in diesem Bereich bis zu 400 qm. In der Regel verlaufen Infektionen des GIT als benigne und meist selbstlimitierende Krankheiten. Sie konnen aber auch als schwerwiegende oder chronische Infektionen imponieren. Das Erregerspektrum ist vielfaltig, und einige der Erreger konnen mit Einschrankungen fur bestimmte Etagen des GIT als typisch angesehen werden. Im Folgenden soll schwerpunktmasig auf die haufig auftretenden Infektionen eingegangen werden.
Systemic mast cell activation disease (MCAD) is an epigenetic and genetic disease entity with a very pronounced clinical symptomatology in a variety of clinical manifestations in potentially every organ and tissue due to inappropriate release of mast cell mediators accompanied with the accumulation of both morphologically normal and mutated mast cells. Due to the prevalence of the disease of 17% in Germany, gastroenterologists and endoscopists are often unknowingly faced with MCAD in everyday clinical practice. In addition, gastroenterological examinations are an essential part of the diagnosis of MCAD. It is therefore essential for every physician working in gastroenterology to possess basic knowledge of this disease and, in particular, to be informed about its problems in the field of gastroenterology. This overview summarizes the current state of knowledge on the causes, diagnosis and treatment of the highly complex MCAD, focusing on the gastroenterological aspects.
Objective. Sequencing efforts to discover mutations in the tyrosine kinase Kit related to systemic mast cell disorders have so far been focused mainly on only a few of the 21 exons of the encoding gene c-kit, thus considerably limiting the possibility to quantitatively reveal pathogenetic relationships. The purpose of this study was to analyze and compare the total sequence of Kit tyrosine kinase at the level of the mRNAs obtained from patients with clear systemic signs of a pathologically increased mast cell mediator release and those from healthy volunteers. Material and methods. Kit encoding mRNA isolated from mast cell progenitors in peripheral blood from 17 patients with a mast cell activation disorder and from 5 healthy volunteers as well as from the human mast cell leukemia cell line HMC1 was analyzed for alterations. Results. Multiple novel point mutations and six isoforms of Kit which are due to alternative mRNA splicing were detected. One isoform, the insertion of a glutamine residue at amino acid position 252, was found to be a new splice variant expressed in all patients but in none of the healthy volunteers. Conclusions. Systemic mast cell activation disorder was pathogenetically characterized by two or more alterations in the Kit tyrosine kinase providing not only a means of confirming the diagnosis, but also of assessing prognosis and of starting adequate therapeutic interventions. The insertion of Q252 appears to be pathognomic for that disease, providing a novel means for the identification of chronic non-specific gastrointestinal symptoms as manifestations of a systemic mast cell activation disorder.
Community stroke education is needed to improve early stroke recognition and reduce delays in the referral of stroke patients. In some regions, stroke support groups are important promoters of regional stroke education. However, there are no data about the level of stroke knowledge among support group members that support this promotional role.We performed a cross-sectional questionnaire survey among 11 German stroke support groups. The questionnaire asked for stroke knowledge and sociodemographic and medical data. Stroke knowledge was excellent if a participant knew (1) at least 2 stroke symptoms (good symptom knowledge) and (2) at least 2 stroke risk factors (good risk factor knowledge), as well as knowing (3) that immediate hospital admission or an emergency call is necessary in case of stroke (good action knowledge).A total of 133 members (96.2%) of 11 stroke support groups took part in the study. Mean age was 65.3 years (SD 11.2 years). Fifty-four percent of subjects were female, 72.8% were retired, and 69.8% were stroke patients. Of the participants, 80.3% had good symptom knowledge, 64.7% had good risk factor knowledge, and 79.7% had good action knowledge. Stroke knowledge was excellent in 44.0% of subjects. Logistic regression analysis showed that age <70 years and not having had a stroke were significant predictors for excellent stroke knowledge.Overall, members of stroke support groups are well informed about all aspects of modern stroke care. Because of their knowledge and personal experience, support groups should be viewed as important partners in community stroke education.
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