D. N. Brooks

University of Glasgow

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Michael Bond

University of British Columbia

William W. McKinlay

Metro South Health

M. E. Aughton

University of Glasgow

William R. Lindsay

Abertay University

Colin A. Espie

University of Oxford

Lindsay Wilson

University of Stirling

Klaus D. Wiedmann

University of Stirling

James McCulloch

Florida International University

Martin G. Livingston

University of Glasgow

Daniela Montaldi

University of Manchester

Cooperative Institutions

University of Glasgow

Southern General Hospital

Gartnavel General Hospital

Institute of Neurological Sciences

University of Edinburgh

University College London

University of Oxford

Wellcome Centre for Molecular Parasitology

University of Cambridge

University of Stirling

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The burden on families of the brain injured: A review

Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation (1988)

Martin G. Livingston D. N. Brooks

1Senior Lecturer and Honorary Consultant Psychiatrist, Department of Psychological Medicine, The University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom 2Professor of Clinical Psychology, Scientific Director of Wellcome Neuroscience Group, Department of Psychological Medicine, The University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom

10.1097/00001199-198812000-00004

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Citations (69)

Cognitive sequelae of severe head injury in relation to the Glasgow Outcome Scale.

Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry (1986)

D. N. Brooks Judith A. Hosie Michael Bond B. Jennett M. E. Aughton

Aspects of reliability and validity of the Glasgow Outcome Scale were studied by examining outcome scale categories and cognitive test scores in 57 patients with severe closed head injury seen within 2 years of injury. Inter-rater reliability of a three and six point scale was high. The three point scale, unlike the six point, showed a significant statistical association with cognitive test scores. The relationship between test score and outcome category was accurate within the first 3 months of injury, but considerably less so thereafter.

Glasgow Outcome Scale

Closed head injury

10.1136/jnnp.49.5.549

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Citations (80)

The Three Systems Model of Fear and Anxiety: Implications for Assessment of Social Anxiety

Behavioural Psychotherapy (1988)

Anne R. Douglas William R. Lindsay D. N. Brooks

It has been argued that verbal reports and questionnaire data may be constrained by cultural and social demands to the extent that they are unlikely to show concordance with more direct measures of behavioural and physiological anxiety. The present report investigates this hypothesis with reference to social anxiety. It was found that physiological and cognitive questionnaires were good predictors of physiological anxiety and cognitions in a social interaction test. A behavioural questionnaire, however, was a poor predictor of actual behaviour. In the social interaction test, which was designed to produce anxiety, there was a high degree of concordance on all the measures except non-verbal behaviour and heart rate. Because behaviour ratings showed least concordance and the poorest predictive validity, it was suggested that a behavioural assessment alone may give an erroneous picture of a person's overall social anxiety.

Concordance

10.1017/s0141347300008466

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Citations (7)

Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry (1989)

Gordon Wilcock R A Hope D. N. Brooks P. L. Lantos Catherine Oppenheimer

In order to be able to compare the results of research work carried out in different centres on Alzheimer9s disease and dementia, it is necessary for there to be standardised assessment methods. The Medical Research Council organised a workshop in order to see whether workers in Britain in the field of dementia research could agree on such standardised assessment methods. The workshop agreed guidelines for the minimum data which should be collected, in clinical and pathological studies, on patients with presumed Alzheimer9s disease and dementia. These recommendations are compared with other approaches based on research diagnostic criteria.

Steering committee

10.1136/jnnp.52.6.693

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Citations (57)

Recognition Memory After Head Injury: A Signal Detection Analysis

Cortex (1974)

D. N. Brooks

Head trauma

10.1016/s0010-9452(74)80014-6

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Citations (35)

The diagnosis of depression in patients with dementia: Use of the cambridge mental disorders of the elderly examination (CAMDEX)

International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry (1992)

Susan A. Logie J B Murphy D. N. Brooks Shona Wylie Elizabeth T. Barron

Abstract The prevalence of depression in 80 well‐diagnosed demented patients was examined using the Cambridge Mental Disorders of the Elderly Examination (CAMDEX) based on information from patients, caregivers and professionals. The overall prevalence of DSM‐III‐R major depressive illness was 5%, but the identification of depressed patients and the prevalence rate varied with the source of information used. The symptom profiles of the patients were examined in more detail. The significance of these findings and the use of operational diagnostic criteria in the investigation of coexistent depression and dementia are discussed.

Depression

10.1002/gps.930070510

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Citations (8)

Differential alterations of cortical glutamatergic binding sites in senile dementia of the Alzheimer type.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (1990)

Derek Chalmers Deborah Dewar David I. Graham D. N. Brooks James McCulloch

Involvement of cortical glutamatergic mechanisms in senile dementia of the Alzheimer type (SDAT) has been investigated with quantitative ligand-binding autoradiography. The distribution and density of Na(+)-dependent glutamate uptake sites and glutamate receptor subtypes--kainate, quisqualate, and N-methyl-D-aspartate--were measured in adjacent sections of frontal cortex obtained postmortem from six patients with SDAT and six age-matched controls. The number of senile plaques was determined in the same brain region. Binding of D-[3H]aspartate to Na(+)-dependent uptake sites was reduced by approximately 40% throughout SDAT frontal cortex relative to controls, indicating a general loss of glutamatergic presynaptic terminals. [3H]Kainate receptor binding was significantly increased by approximately 70% in deep layers of SDAT frontal cortex compared with controls, whereas this binding was unaltered in superficial laminae. There was a positive correlation (r = 0.914) between kainate binding and senile plaque number in deep cortical layers. Quisqualate receptors, as assessed by 2-amino-3-hydroxy-5-[3H]methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid binding, were unaltered in SDAT frontal cortex compared with controls. There was a small reduction (25%) in N-methyl-D-aspartate-sensitive [3H]glutamate binding only in superficial cortical layers of SDAT brains relative to control subjects. [3H]Glutamate binding in SDAT subjects was unrelated to senile plaque number in superficial cortical layers (r = 0.104). These results indicate that in the presence of cortical glutamatergic terminal loss in SDAT plastic alterations occur in some glutamate receptor subtypes but not in others.

Kainate receptor

Temporal cortex

10.1073/pnas.87.4.1352

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Citations (79)

The pattern of function-related regional cerebral blood flow investigated by single photon emission tomography with^99mTc-HMPAO in patients with presenile Alzheimer's disease and Korsakoff's psychosis

Psychological Medicine (1989)

Robert Hunter R. McLuskie D. Wyper James C. Patterson J. E. Christie

SYNOPSIS Single photon emission tomography (SPET) with the lipophilic blood flow marker 99m Tc-hexamethyl propyleneamine oxime ( 99m Tc-HMPAO) has been used to determine regional uptake of radiolabel into brain regions of patients with presenile Alzheimer's disease and Korsakoff's psychosis, and age-matched controls. Using occipital cortical uptake as reference area, the pattern of relative regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was determined in other cortical areas and basal ganglia. In Alzheimer's disease, reduction in rCBF occurred most strikingly in posterior temporal and parietal areas. By contrast, in Korsakoff's psychosis, posterior temporal rCBF was maintained, although there was a trend to reduced tracer uptake in other cortical areas. These impairments of flow were correlated with impairments of neuropsychological function. In Alzheimer's disease, left posterior temporal and left parietal regions in particular showed rCBF to be strongly correlated with most aspects of cognitive function. In Korsakoff's psychosis, however, impaired flow in frontal regions was correlated with impaired performance on tests of memory and orientation. The findings in Alzheimer's disease show quantitative parallels with those from studies using Positron Emission Tomography (PET), and extend our understanding of the relationship between cognition and regional brain function in dementia. The findings in Korsakoff's psychosis offer the first direct evidence linking frontal lobe dysfunction with the cognitive impairment seen in the disorder.

Frontal lobe

Temporal cortex

10.1017/s0033291700005560

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Citations (121)

Cognitive recovery after severe head injury. 1. Serial testing on the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale.

Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry (1975)

Ian Mandleberg D. N. Brooks

The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale was administered serially to 40 severely head-injured adults, and the results compared with a matched group of 40 non-injured men. The scores on the verbal subtests showed less initial impairment and were faster to recover to the level of the comparison group than were the non-verbal subtest scores. Verbal IQ of the head-injury group approached that of the comparison group within about one year of injury, while recovery of Performance IQ continued over about three years.

10.1136/jnnp.38.11.1121

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Citations (150)

Perceptions and Presentations

Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry (1979)

D. N. Brooks

10.1136/jnnp.42.2.192

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Citations (0)