Abstract Twenty-one taxa of tribe Triticeae are reported as naturalised in New Zealand. Two other records are unsubstantiated. A key to native and naturalised genera is provided, as well as keys to naturalised species.
Abstract The Australasian genus Chionochloa Zotov Is revised for New Zealand; all 22 species are endemic including the one species on the subantarctlc islands. One new species, ten new subspecies, one new variety, and one new form are described; C. pungens of Stewart I. is submerged in C. crassiuscula; C. Xelata is given the status of a hybrid. Natural hybrids are reported, and 35 interspecific combinations are described.
Abstract Triterpene methyl ethers were isolated from the epicuticular wax of 12 species of Chionochloa and were absent from 8 species. These triterpenoids are only rarely species specific, but at the infraspecific level in some wide ranging species these are discrete biochemical races with circumscribed geographic distributions. Arundoin and miliacin, known to the common in the Gramineae, are the most frequent triterpene methyl ethers in this genus, arundoin occurring in nine species, and miliacin in six. Methyl ethers of lupeol, parkeol, cydoartenol, and β-amyrin occur in fewer species. Species such as C. pallens, C. crassiuscula, C. acicularis, and C. cheesemanii invariably synthesise triterpene methyl ethers, but in C. rigida, C. flavescens, and C. rubra there are many populations where the compounds are not produced. Spontaneous multiple origins of dominant genes that control the methylation of 3 β-hydroxytriterpenes are proposed.
Summary Levels of cellulose and hemicellulose were measured in standard leaf samples from four species of Chionochloa (C. flavescens, C. macra, C. rigida, C. rubra) after both acid hydrolysis and alkali fractionation. Characteristic ranges of 24–26% hemicellulose and 30–32% cellulose in the leaf samples were obtained. Chionochloa macra cellulose (26%) and C. flavescens hemicellulose (22%) were clearly below these values. Analysis of successive lengths of mature leaf blades from the four species showed little variation in cellulose over the entire length but some gradation in hemicellulose. Basal sheaths of the four species showed low levels of cellulose compared with the leaves and consequently a higher proportion of hemicellulose relative to cellulose compared with the leaves. Leaf and sheath hemicellulose was fractionated into hemicellulose-A and -B under carefully controlled conditions. Sheath hemicellulose contained a higher proportion of hemicellulose-B than leaf hemicellulose.
Abstract Abstract During 1965–1984 progress in the study of biosystematics of the New Zealand Hora has advanced an understanding of the monocoty-ledonous element more than the dicotyledonous. In Luzula, Elymus, and Cortaderia experimentally produced hybrids between New Zealand species and overseas taxa have measured gene-exchange, allowed generic realignment or confirmed taxonomic judgements. Chionochloa, Gramineae, lies to the forefront in experimental work at specific and infraspecific levels, ecologically, physiologically, biochemically and morphologically, and will continue to yield information needed to comprehend its evolution in New Zealand. Among dicotyledons Epilobium, Onagraceae, is the best documented genus because of the extent of the study of experimental hybrids, natural hybridism, gene-exchange, and cytology. Experimental studies on economically important plants with a long lifespan e.g., Nothofagus are few, and even in the study of hybrid asteliads, at the end of 12–13 years there had been no flowering to allow a first assessment of pollen or seed fertility. Experimental studies needed for the recognition of ecotypes are also few but data and responses to ultramafic soils and geothermally determined soils are available. Wild hybrids, their frequency, their fertility or sterility, have been studied in a sporadic way, Epilobium excepted, and have not yielded the data needed for writing the flora of New Zealand. The Cockayne-Allan pedestal of 50 years ago awaits its column and capital. Keywords: BiosystematicsNew Zealandnatural hybridsexperimental hybridsfertilitygene-exchangeinfra-specific differentiationecotypy Additional informationNotes on contributorsH. E. ConnorMiss E. L. Hellaby Indigenous Grasslands Research Fellow
Journal Article INTERSPECIFIC HYBRIDS IN NEW ZEALAND AGROPYRON Get access H. E. Connor H. E. Connor Botany Division Department of Scientific and Industrial Research Christchurch New Zealand Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Evolution, Volume 10, Issue 4, 1 December 1956, Pages 415–420, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1956.tb02867.x Published: 01 December 1956 Article history Received: 30 April 1956 Published: 01 December 1956
Abstract Single, clandestine, cleistogamic spikelets occur in leaf axils of Microlaena stipoides from New Zealand, Australia, Norfolk Island, and Hawaii, and in the New Zealand endemic, M. polynoda. These cleistogamic spikelets are additional to the previously reported cleistogamic and chasmogamic systems in aerial inflorescences of M. stipoides, and to chasmogamy in M. polynoda. Flowers in other New Zealand species included in Microlaena are chasmogamous only.
Abstract The identity of Rottboellia uniflora A.Cunn. collected in Northland in 1834 by R. Cunningham is resolved as Paspalum vaginatum Sw.; confusion with Zoysia sp. attributable to Hooker is clarified. No solution to the exact disposition of Paspalum tenax Trin. can be proffered, despite extensive enquiries; it remains in Incertae Sedis. Hemarthria uncinata is to be added to the list of naturalised andropogonoid species. Keywords: grassesNew ZealandGramineaePanicoideaePaniceae Rottboellia uniflora Paspalum vaginatum P. tenax Zoysia Hemarthria uncinata Andropogoneae Notes For Supplement II see Connor, H.E. New Zealand Journal of Botany 43: 493–507 (2005).