Changes for the New Year for IJSNEMThis is the first issue of the journal in its new, larger format.The journal is now in its 20th year and is no longer a newcomer on the academic scene.IJSNEM is now a well-established fixture with a respectable impact factor.The 2008 impact factor was 1.438, ranking it 36th out of 59 in the Nutrition and Dietetics category and 34th out of 71 in the Sports Sciences category.This is encouraging, but not good enough.Clearly, there is room for the journal to do better, and the new look is only one aspect of the changes that are under way.Dr. Emily Haymes, who has played a major role in guiding the direction of the journal for the last 10 years, and who was one of the founding editorial board members in 1991, has stepped down as senior Editor.We congratulate Emily on her achievements over a lifetime devoted to teaching and research in the field of sport and exercise nutrition and wish her well in her retirement.I have taken on the role of Editor, and Louise Burke is now Editor for Special Projects.We also take this opportunity to thank Dr. Mia Newlin, who has managed the journal's review process over the last 4 years and has worked exceptionally hard to keep the Editors on their toes.Congratulations to Mia on completion of her PhD, and best wishes for the future.In an effort to speed the review process
Muslim bodybuilders often continue training during Ramadan. However, the effect of resistance training in a fasted versus a fed state during Ramadan on body composition and metabolic parameters in bodybuilders is not well known. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of resistance training in a fasted versus a fed state during Ramadan on body composition and metabolic parameters in bodybuilders.Sixteen men were allocated to two groups: Eight practicing resistance training in the late afternoon in a fasted state (FAST), and eight training in the late evening in an acutely fed state (FED) during Ramadan. All visited the laboratory in the morning two days before the start of Ramadan (Bef-R) and on the 29th day of Ramadan (End-R) for anthropometric measurement, completion of a dietary questionnaire, and provision of fasting blood and urine samples.Body mass and body fat percentage remained unchanged in FAST and FED during the whole period of the investigation. Both FAST and FED experienced an increase in the following parameters from Bef-R to End-R: urine specific gravity (1%; p = 0.028, p = 0.004 respectively), serum concentrations of urea (4%, p = 0.006; 7%, p = 0.004 respectively), creatinine (5%, p = 0.015; 6%, p = 0.04 respectively), uric acid (17%; p < 0.001, p = 0.04 respectively), sodium (1%; p = 0.029, p = 0.019 respectively), chloride (2%; p = 0.039, p = 0.004 respectively), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (11%, p = 0.04; 10%, p = 0.04 respectively).Hypertrophic training in a fasted or in a fed state during Ramadan does not affect body mass and body composition of bodybuilders. Additionally, Ramadan fasting induced changes in urinary and some biochemical parameters, but these changes were not different according to when the training occurred.
This chapter contains section titled: Introduction Fuels available to the muscle Physiological factors affecting exercise metabolism Substrate utilization in high-intensity exercise Substrate utilization in prolonged exercise Summary Reading list
Abstract The oral consumption of nutrition/dietary supplements is widespread in the general population and among sports people. This is true for children as well as adults. Despite the well-recognised benefits of supplementation with some essential micronutrients (vitamins B12 and D, iron, and a few others) in the prevention of deficiency diseases, there is very little research on any aspect of dietary supplement consumption in child/youth athletes. A few supplements have the potential to enhance performance in adults, but translation of information from adult populations should be undertaken with great caution. Safety considerations around the use of dietary supplements by youth athletes are the same as those for the adult population with the additional aspect of consideration of effects on growth and development. For all athletes, a food-first approach is preferred, but each individual is different, and each case should be assessed using a cost–benefit analysis that takes account of the athlete’s physical, cognitive, and emotional maturity. In spite of their popularity, it is likely that only a very small number of dietary supplements will have a beneficial effect on performance for youth athletes who have no underlying nutritional deficiencies. Against this must be weighed the potential negative effects on health and performance and the possibility of inadvertent ingestion of a toxic substance or a prohibited doping agent.
The Biochemical Basis of Sports Performance looks at this topic by type of sport. Firstly, however, it introduces with an assessment of the biochemical basis of exercise and sport. The first sport it tackles is weightlifting, for which muscle strength and function are vital. It looks at protein in enzymes and the nutritional effects on strength training and performance. Next, it turns to the sprinter, for whom anaerobic metabolism is important. Then, it looks at middle-distance events and talks the reader through the glycolytic pathway amongst other elements. After that comes the endurance athlete who needs to consider energy supply and aerobic power. The game player follows and here fatigue in sprint sports is looked into. The text then moves on to a more general discussion of what constitutes sporting talent. It ends with a look at adaptations to training: training for speed, strength, middle-distance, endurance, and training strategies.
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